White Light

White Light ‚ÂMarley get back hereâ‚â a yell after my pooch who has recently broken another rope and is presently going through the woodland after a squirrel. ‚ÂMarley‚ I yell again yet itâ‚s no utilization I surmise the pursuit is on. As pursue him, I stumble over a root projecting starting from the earliest stage. The exact opposite thing I see before hitting the ground is Marley seeing me tail swaying. I sit up gradually my head is slaughtering me. I canâ‚t see straight quit worrying about think straight. As the world gradually quits turning. I attempt to make sense of where I am. The light is diminish and I canâ‚t see significantly more than trees. At that point I pursued Marley. ‚ÂCrack‚Â, I turn toward the commotion yet I canâ‚t see anything. ‚ÂMarley is that youâ‚â my voice comes out as a little murmur. I tune in for the clamor again however I hear only a ghostly quiet, I canâ‚t even hear my heartbeat.English: Paddock close to Marley H ouse.

Internet Access for Children Should Be Regulated by Legislation Essay

Web Access for Children Should Be Regulated by Legislation - Essay Example While present day innovation has profoundly affected productivity and economy it has simultaneously supported a stationary way of life that can have genuine ramifications for mental, social and physical improvement especially for the youth.â For example, liberal access to the web has reduced time so people can acquire data with the simple snap of the mouse.â Previously, data must be gotten by reviewing print resources.â in such manner, the estimation of time has been lost since it is currently conceivable to finish various undertakings all the while. Positively, the capacity to finish various errands without a moment's delay is advantageous as far as efficiency and coordinating gracefully with interest for business entities.â However, the normal youngster can build up an unfortunate reliance on the web to such a degree, that it contrarily impacts the estimation of their education.â For example, an understudy with a perusing task is bound to yield to the compulsion to peruse an outline of the book on the web, instead of read the book itself.â Moreover, the web additionally goes about as a boundary to relational connections by giving a virtual world wherein clients buy in to social networking.â Moreover, time invested on the web is energy spent away from companions, family, acquaintances.â The normal kid invests twice as much time in the web than the person does in a study hall (Bennet 2009).â in such manner the web culture is driving the improvement of the youthful so they are denied of relational connections, a key part for sound social and passionate turn of events (Altman and Taylor 1973, 28).â Time spent on the web likewise implies less time participating in physical exercises and the absence of activity is connected to medical issues in teenagers and youthful people in general.â Jones and Bradley (2007) keep up that propensities created at an early age can have long haul wellbeing outcomes (433).â Specifically, an absence of activity in puberty and youngsters when all is said in done can prompt stoutness and other medical issues, for example, coronary illness (Jones and Bradley 2007, 434)

Huckelberry Finn – Chapter 1 Commentary

â€Å"There were things he extended, yet fundamentally he told the truth.† Straight away Twain shows us the incongruity and deception of American culture through the eyes of the youthful and guiltless Huck. For Twain's story to come out as he has expected the voice of the storyteller is a vital part. Twain has intentionally picked a 13-year-old kid as the main individual storyteller to give the peruser a more noteworthy feeling of conviction and trust which Huck rapidly increases through his guiltlessness. A little youngster, for example, Huck would be less affected by his general surroundings and, in this manner, he will be recounting to the story directly from the heart and what he genuinely puts stock in. His vision isn't blurred by the ‘sivilised' society, which Twain maybe deliberately uses to represent the manner by which American culture endeavors to put individuals into a specific generalization. The language Twain has utilized is straightforward which reflects Huck himself. The syntactically wrong English. This appears to give Huck more intrigue as it further exhibits his guiltlessness and trustworthiness. Further more, Twain gives us two differentiating characters in the widow Douglas and Miss Watson in both their characters and language they use. Their principle concern is to carry on in the way that is considered by the general public to be ‘sivilised'. This gives the peruser the feeling that they are phony and not consistent with themselves yet rather progressively stressed over what others will consider them. From the earliest starting point obviously Huck accepts to be caught by what he accepts to be a bound society. At the point when he is away from this Huck feels ‘free and fulfilled' however now that the widow and Miss Watson have taken to ‘Civilizing Huck', his new garments represent the manner by which he is feeling within. Huck feels ‘all spasmed up' and ‘tiresome and dejected'. He feels so friendless that he ‘wishes [he] was dead'. All Huck needs is ‘to head off to some place' and he ‘warn't specific'. He is so urgent to escape from the general public that is contracting him that Huck wishes he was at the ‘bad place'. Twain maybe utilizes Miss Watson's analysis of Tom Sawyer setting off to the great spot ‘not by an impressive light' as an approach to accentuate Huck's dread of being forlorn. Huck is extremely happy at this idea since he needs ‘Tom and [him] to be together'. Maybe perhaps the best worry about America's general public is its clear bad faith. This is significantly exemplified by the widow's restriction on smoking since it was a ‘mean practice and wasn't perfect' while she herself ‘took snuff as well'. As she has authority others are eager to disregard her flaws and ‘of course that was good, since she done it without anyone's help', though Huck is constrained to observe the principles, simply because he has not yet been ‘sivilised'. This section additionally appears to investigate condemning others all together raise themselves. By censuring Huck for smoking, the widow is causing herself to feel better realizing that she has the power and that it is okay for her to smoke. Twain utilizes Miss Watson utilizing the spelling book maybe to represent the manner by which Huck sees this ‘sivilised' society-‘I couldn't stood it any longer'. The general public's anxiety with being decent is accentuated by the incongruity that Huck is possibly permitted to join Tom's ‘band of burglars' in the event that he returns to the widow and gets ‘respectable'. A potential ramifications of this is nobody would presume a ‘respectable' individual. The general public would straight away attempt to charge the ‘unsivilised' rather then point the fault on somebody of a ‘respectable' status. Thusly, with the goal for Huck to join the ‘band of burglars' he should set up himself as a ‘respectable' individual from the general public so as the fault won't be pointed at him. All through the section the tone changes yet especially towards the end there is a dimness which is primarily made by the utilization of sounds. ‘I heard an owl, away off, who-whooing about someone that was dead, and a whippowill and a pooch crying about someone that was going to pass on', all add to the desolate state of mind that Huck is feeling at that point and his desire that ‘[he] had some organization'. Through Huck Twain is likewise ready to communicate his perspectives on prejudice in American culture at that point. The utilization of the word ‘nigger' shows the acknowledgment of the term. Huck's perception that ‘things go better' when ‘mixed up' appears to allude to the racial isolation. Twain is maybe depicting his view that society would be a superior spot on the off chance that we as a whole ‘mix up' and ‘swap around'. As the general public where Huck is being purchased up in gradually endeavors to ‘sivilise' him, Huck's character and qualities appear to become more grounded. As he battles against the general public that is endeavoring to remove his independence, Huck is resolved to remain consistent with himself and come clean, with as meager ‘stretches' as could be expected under the circumstances.

Bpr in General Motors Essay Example

Bpr in General Motors Essay Example Bpr in General Motors Paper Bpr in General Motors Paper | |  | Case Studies  BPR in Poland | The first since forever Business Process Reengineering (BPR) venture in the once socialist nations of eastern Europe was finished on October 28th, 1994 by Wizdom Polska, the Polish auxiliary organization of Wizdom Systems, Inc. Wizdom has by and by taken BPR to new outskirts, accomplishing extraordinary outcomes in the huge errand of Reengineering an organization weighed down with the residuals of 50 years of focal planning.The organization, Stomil Sanok S.A., is a producer of elastic infused formed items, essentially for the car business, ( Sto implies I 00 in Polish, and mil implies miles). Stomil is concealed in Sanok, a lovely bumpy area of southeastern Poland close to the Ukrainian and Slovakian outskirts. Through radical cutting back, Stomil has diminished its workforce from 6,000 individuals in 1989, to 2500 representatives today. In the past 100% state-claimed, Stomil was bought by the U.S.owned Polish American Enterprise Fund in 1 990. The $350 million dollar value venture subsidize was set up by President Bush and the U.S. Congress to kick off the Polish economy not long after the fall of socialism in 1989. Since its privatization, Stomil has accomplished marvelous development, expanding deals by a normal of 25% per year through an extremely forceful quality program combined with a solid advertising drive into western Europe and, as is commonplace in Poland, by using a reasonable, profoundly instructed workforce.What most recognizes Stomil from different organizations in Poland that are battling to address the difficulties of enduring the new free market, is its receptiveness to new thoughts and innovations. Stomil rushed to understand that its administration expected to comprehend its procedures and what it was doing, before it could actualize the extreme change should have been progressively effective. Since the necessary changes were so expansive and crucial, Stomils the board expected to settle on choice s on where to apply its assets for executing change. Despite the fact that this

Be Careful While Employing Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics

Be Careful While Employing Evidence Based Practice Essay TopicsIn order to develop and implement evidence-based practice as a routine activity, one must keep in mind several factors. These factors may be simple things that we do unconsciously, which can drastically affect our medical care and thus, our lives. Such things could be faulty diagnoses, faulty drug regimens, inappropriate drugs, misuse of antibiotics and so on.One has to carefully avoid these things as these are evidence based practice essay topics which are simply not helpful. As far as the latter two types of issues are concerned, these need no mentioning. They are things that should be avoided at all costs, but, it is also possible to use drugs for symptomatic relief, as long as these are prescription drugs and are given under the supervision of a doctor.The problem with most doctors who are using drugs for symptomatic relief are that they do not realize that some of their patients may actually have certain symptoms tha t go beyond those which are evident with other illnesses. For example, there are certain people who are having recurring heartburn. The situation becomes complicated because these people will actually show signs of upper gastrointestinal tract problems, which should not be dismissed. In such cases, certain tests will need to be done to ascertain the underlying cause of the heartburn.There are many circumstances that require the right medicine. It may be a necessary evil, but it is an evil nevertheless. Other more urgent issues such as surgical complications or wound infections also fall under this category.Nevertheless, some doctors just assume that their patients' health does not matter and, thus, disregard such instances as heartburn as nothing more than a nuisance. This may leave their patients quite traumatized. Sometimes, even serious surgical complications can turn out to be nothing more than mere stomach upset caused by an ailment that has not been identified.Again, both type s of drug-based treatments require a meticulous assessment of the situation. The time taken to conduct such an assessment is highly questionable and does not justify the waste of precious time.We may be troubled by our own problems. However, when it comes to emotional issues such as grief, disappointment, frustration, rage and so on, it is best to have a professional by our side who will guide us and who will understand what we are going through.Proof based practice essay topics are very important and should be employed and implemented as much as possible. These essay topics are made possible by the flow of information that we can easily gain from the internet and the endless information that we can get from the various informational resources available.

What is Critical Thinking Class and Its Benefits

People all over the world want to develop their skills and expand their knowledge, so they are interesting in the improvement of themselves. Therefore they may be interested in what is critical thinking class. Critical thinking skills are helpful for people in order to be able to make right decisions and be able to solve all the kinds of problems. This paper will be interesting for those people who wants to find out more about the fact what is critical thinking class and be able to analyze all the processes that are taking place in their everyday life. The Purpose The purpose of the critical thinking class is the improvement and development of peoples capabilities to analyze the situation and make proper decisions. Those decisions should be as much effective as possible, so the person will be able to meet expectations and reach significant results. Likewise, due to the fact of the improvement of a persons ability to think critically, he or she will be able to find a way to solve all kinds of problems without any special efforts, including home problems as well as business problems. The Need of the Class People should visit critical thinking class because such skills will be very useful for them in their everyday life. Likewise, there is a need to visit such a class because all the people have the ability to think critically, but it is nor developed, so they need to develop it in order to become more intellectual. A lot of people can be not aware of their capabilities, but the critical thinking class help to reveal all of the capabilities of a person and develop them to the higher level, so the use of those capabilities will be as much effective as possible. A Critical Thinker A critical thinker is a person that is able to analyze a situation and evaluate it. Such a person also analyzes the actions of other people in order to avoid making any little mistakes. The life and working process of the critical thinker are full of different opportunities that he or she is using. Such a person is able to make right decisions because the ability to analyze the situation is well developed and it does not take a long time to find a solution to a specific problem without any serious efforts. The Logic There are a lot of accidents when a person is not able to defend his or her position. For instance, a person read something, but he is sure that a specific statement is not true at all, therefore he wants to explain it to people, but he is not able to because his capability of thinking critically and his logic are not developed well. Logic is a strong power that opens for a person a lot of opportunities. The logic helps to understand different points of view, but it also helps a person to defend his or her point of view by well-based arguments.

Was Leonardo da Vinci Gay

No, were not saying Leonardo  Da Vinci was gay. We dont know if Leonardo was gay. Frankly, its none of our business who (if anyone) or what (if anything) titillated Leonardos libido 500 years after the fact, but lets give those who do care some information. Freuds Take Smarter people have said that, yes, Leonardo was gay. Sigmund Freud outed him (and blamed his mother) back in 1910. One must, of course, take a post-centuries-mortem psychological analysis with many grains of salt. Sir Kenneth Clark, an art historian, more recently opined that Leonardo was probably a passive homosexual. In other words, the jury is out and will remain so until we discover a tell-all biography dating from Renaissance Italy. The Da Vinci Code Version What is absolutely untrue is the reference in The Da Vinci Code to Leonardos reputation as a flamboyant homosexual. He was not known as such. Historical evidence is sketchy about the latter, and the only thing Leonardo was flamboyant about was his inability to finish projects he started. Rumors During Da Vincis Lifetime Da Vinci was rumored to have been homosexual by his contemporaries. He was, in fact, twice charged with sodomy in 1476. Though he was imprisoned for two months, the charges were dropped for lack of witnesses. It must be duly noted that he was one of four people charged with sodomizing the individual in this particular case, which was subsequently dropped. Additionally, accusing someone of sodomy, in 15th century Florence, was not an infrequent tactic used to cause someone else trouble. Da Vinci was anonymously accused, and its quite tempting to speculate that the accuser was a lesser-talented artist. Da Vincis Works and Personal Life Leonardo Da Vinci never married. If he had female lovers, they have some really, really carefully hidden identities. None of that would make him gay by default. (It would go some ways toward explaining, however, lack of a readily available nude female model.) As mentioned elsewhere, he drew a lot more young men in his notebooks than women. One might assume, from this, that the male figure was more interesting to Da Vinci than was the female. Some of the young men he drew were nude. One might assume that this was either (a) a reflection of Leonardos interest in human anatomy, (b) a reflection of Leonardos interest in naked men, (c) a combination of the two or (d) none of the above. There is always a danger of (d) being the case when it comes to assumptions.​ Sources and Further Reading Andersen, Wayne. Freud, Leonardo Da Vinci and the Vultures Tail.New York: Other Press, 2001.Clark, Lord Kenneth. Leonardo da Vinci.New York: Penguin Books, 1989.Freud, Sigmund.Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood [1910].Translated by Alan Tyson with an introduction by Brian FarrelLondon: Penguin Books, 1962.Rocke, Michael. Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance FlorenceNew York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Profile of Carlos the Jackal

Named Ilich as a paeon to Lenin (whose full name was Vladimir Ilyich Lenin) by his Marxist father, Ramirez was later known as Carlos the Jackal. His nickname came in part from the novel, The Day of the Jackal, a thriller once found by authorities among his belongings. Background Born in 1949 in Caracas, Venezuela, where he was raised. He was also schooled in England and attended university in Moscow. After his expulsion from the university in 1970, he joined the Palestinian Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), a pan-Arab leftist group then based in Amman, Jordan. Claim to Notoriety Ramirez most famous terrorist move was the takeover of OPEC headquarters in Vienna at a 1975 Conference, where he also took 11 members hostage. The hostages were eventually transported to Algiers and freed. Although later debunked, assumptions that Ramirez had a hand in killing two of the Israeli athletes taken hostage at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich added to his reputation as a ruthless and effective terrorist. Indeed, many of Ramirez feats had murky origins and unclear goals and sponsors—which also gave the self-proclaimed terrorist a mysterious glamour. A 1994 review of David Yallops Tracking the Jackal: The Search for Carlos, the Worlds Most Wanted Man suggests that the OPEC kidnappings may have been sponsored by Saddam Hussein, rather than by the PFLP, as has been suggested, or by Libyan leader Muammar Al Qaddafi: Although it has long been thought that the armed attack on a Vienna meeting of the oil cartel and the kidnapping of 11 of the oil ministers were conceived and paid for by Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, the book makes a persuasive case that behind it was actually Saddam Hussein, seeking an increase in the price of oil to finance his impending war with Iran. Mr. Hussein intended Carlos to use the kidnapping as a pretext to assassinate the Saudi opponents of a price rise, Mr. Yallop says, but the unreliable Carlos sold out his employer, as he so often did, and instead took a $20 million ransom from the Saudi Government (the hostages were in fact released). Where He Is Now The Jackal was arrested by the French in 1994, in Sudan where he was living. He was convicted for several murders in 1997 and as of 2017 is still in prison. Cross-Links Ramirez has expressed admiration for Osama bin Laden from prison, and more broadly for Revolutionary Islam, which is the title of a 2003 book he published from prison. In it, the jailed terrorist showed shades of his lifelong affiliation with leftist secular groups whose vision of conflict is shaped by class differences describing Islam as the sole transnational force capable of standing up the enslavement of nations.

Cesar Pelli, Profile of the Petronas Towers Architect

Cesar Pelli has become known as a master designer of public spaces such as the Commons of Columbus (1970-1973) in Columbus, Indiana, the Winter Garden at the World Financial Center (1980-1989) in New York, and Founders Hall (1987-1992) in Charlotte, North Carolina. Some critics say that Pellis public rooms contribute to modern-day life in the same way the Italian piazza shaped life in the 16th century. Pelli and his colleagues are often praised for using a wide variety of materials and designs, seeking new solutions for each location. Believing that buildings should be responsible citizens, Pelli strives to design buildings that work within the surrounding city. In 1997, Pellis design for the Petronas Towers was erected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Petronas Towers are among the tallest buildings in the world. Background: Born: October 12, 1926 in Tucuman, Argentina. Cesar Pelli emigrated to the United States in 1952 and later became a U.S. citizen. Education and Professional: Diploma in Architecture, University of Tucuman, ArgentinaMaster in Architecture, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign1977: Founded Cesar Pelli Associate, renamed Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects in 20051977-1984: Professor and Dean of the Yale University School of Architecture After completing his Masters degree in architecture, Pelli spent ten years working in the offices of Eero Saarinen. He served as Project Designer for the TWA Flight Center at JFK Airport in New York and Morse and Stiles Colleges at Yale University. He later became Director of Design at Daniel, Mann, Johnson Mendenhall (DMJM) in Los Angeles, and from 1968 to 1976 he was Partner for Design at Gruen Associates in Los Angeles. While at Gruen, Pelli is known to have collaborated with Norma Merrick Sklarek on a number of works, including the US Embassy in Tokyo. Cesar Pelli Associates was founded in 1977. Pelli Skyscrapers and Towers: 1977-1984: MOMA Residential Tower, New York City1981-1987: World Financial Center (renamed Brookfield Place), New York City1986: Canary Wharf Tower, London, England1990: NTT Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan1998: Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2003: Two International Finance Centre (IFC), Hong Kong (design architect)2004: Bloomberg Tower, New York City2012: Iberdrolas Tower (Torre Iberdrola), Bilbao, Spain Pelli Museums and Theaters: 1984: Mattatuck Museum, at Waterbury, Connecticut1987: Charlotte Performing Arts Center, at Charlotte, North Carolina1987-1990: Carnegie Hall Tower, at New York, New York1991: Ohio Center for Performing Arts, at Cincinnati, Ohio1996: Cinema in Celebration, Florida2006: Carnival Center, now called the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Miami, Florida2006: Renà ©e and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall and Samueli Theater, Segerstrom Center for the Arts, Costa Mesa, Orange County, California2008: BOK Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma2009: Connecticut Science Center in Hartford, Connecticut Notable Pelli Architecture: 1966: Worldway Postal Center, at Los Angeles, California1967: COMSAT Laboratories, at Clarksburg, Maryland1967: Kukai Gardens Housing, at Honolulu, Hawaii1969: San Bernardino City Hall, at San Bernardino, California1975: Pacific Design Center, at Los Angeles, California1976: US Embassy, Tokyo, Japan1982-1984: Herring Hall, at Rice University, Houston, Texas2005: Malone Engineering Center at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut2006: Minneapolis Central Library, Minnesota2009: ARIA Resort and Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada2017: Transbay Transit Center, San Francisco, California Selected Awards: Cesar Pelli has received more than 200 architecture awards. Some highlights: 1995: Gold Medal, AIA (American Institute of Architects)2004: The Aga Khan Award for the design of the Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2008: Lynn S. Beedle Award, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Board of Trustees Quotation - In the Words of Cesar Pelli: A building must be both background and foreground. As foreground, it must have some exceptional qualities. But it must also try very hard to knit into the fabric of the city. Learn More: Observations for Young Architects by Cesar Pelli, Monacelli Press, 1999Petronas Towers: The Architecture of High Construction by Cesar Pelli and Michael J. Crosbie, Wiley-Academy Press, 2001Cesar Pelli: Selected and Current Works by Cesar Pelli, 1994 Source: Cesar Pelli FAIA, RIBA, JIA, Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects Webstie [accessed October 12, 2015]

Failure Of The Articles Of Confederation Essay - 1589 Words

Chia Yu Lin Professor Louis Desipio Political Science 21 07/02/2015 Failure of the Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, a written agreement that ensured each state’s sovereignty, freedom and independence, led America to victory over the British centralized government. During the late eighteenth century, the empowered government terrified the Americans, hence the thirteen colonies decided to spread governance powers equally to all functional states. The states had absolute dominance over the Congress due to the Articles of Confederation. While the localized power of states seemed to be promising, the system posed great threat to the major components of a democratic government, which are coercion, revenue, and legitimacy (Lecture 1 - The Roots of Government). The system of localized power did not ensure legitimacy, which referred to people’s recognition of national government. Congress’s lack of power to control each state’s actions caused great chaos. Eventually, national government’s lack of power and inability to unify the states expos ed multiple flaws in the Articles of Confederation; consequently, a new supreme law, the Constitution was established by the founding fathers. The new supreme law successfully altered the imbalanced system into a novel democratic government. The Articles of Confederation established a country of powerful states with a weak central government. The agreement certainly helped the states gained independence due to theShow MoreRelatedFailures Of The Articles Of Confederation959 Words   |  4 PagesFailures of the Articles of Confederation In 1775, America began one of the most important moments of its life as well as history overall, the America Revolution. This war was fought to free the new colonies from the tyranny of the British monarchy and the unfair way it treated them. The fight was long and hard, but in the end the battle was won and the colonies became their own nation, left to rule under their own circumstances and set up their own government. Ironically when it came to settingRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Was America s First Failure At Government1895 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Articles of Confederation. In the Article of Confederation it called for a confederacy, which placed sovereign power in the hands of the states. The American government began to be based on powerful state government, and the article of confederation became ineffective at governing American states. The main cause of the ineffective was the lack of a strong central government. This led to economic disorganization, lack of central leadership, and legislative inefficiency. The Articles of ConfederationRead MoreArticles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay780 Words   |  4 Pages Although it would be incorrect to say that the government of the Articles of Confederation was a complete failure, it would be logical to advance the idea that the more powerful national government established under the constitution of 1787 was essential to the survival of the American Union. Between the two documents there were some drastic differences of opinion on governing tactics as mentioned in the Articles of Confederation compared to the Constitution of 1787 (Doc. C). Major differences wereRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation was the first order of government established within the United States of America from March 1st, 1781 and lasted until March 4th, 1789. This written document established the functions of t he national government of the United States after gaining independence from Great Britain. In order to not follow in the footsteps of Great Britain and become a tyranny, the Articles of Confederation declared that each state was independent and sovereign; each state had an absoluteRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of Confederation Independence from Britain made necessary the establishment of a new government. Eleven states drew up new constitutions; Connecticut and Rhode Island revised colonial charters. The Articles of Confederation created a loose union of near-sovereign states. The Confederation was inadequate and was failing in the structure of government. They also were in deep trouble, financially and economically. The Articles of Confederation probably achieved its most importantRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesensure the success of their nation. The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government that was proposed and put into effect. This attempt at creating a system that protected the people form a strong central government ultimately failed but was an important step in the development of the current government system. The weaknesses presented by the Articles of Confederation helped lead to reforms that made the Constitution successful. Both the Articles and the Constitution demonstrate theRead MoreThe Shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation1054 Words   |  5 Pagestotal lack of unity about the nation. The Articles of Confederation, ratified during the onset of this tumultuous period, added new dimension to early Americans’ idea of national government. 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The FederalistsRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Was A Loose, League Of Friendship853 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of Confederation was a loose â€Å"league of friendship† between the thirteen colonies that would create a confederation in contrast to Great Britain s unitary system. While the Articles of Confederation helped establish a systemic role in trying to unify many of the states under a weak central government, it later created many more problems than solutions. One of them being that Congress had no ability to propose taxes to deal with war debts and running the government. Another weaknessRead MoreConfederation and Constitution1416 Words   |  6 PagesArticles of Confederation vs. Constitution   http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=American+History http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_history.html â€Æ'   There were many differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. At the end of the American Revolution the free states needed some sort of control that would generate to a unified country. Issues arose such as: How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made

Does the Military Continue to Have Sexual Harassment and...

Does the Military Continue to Have Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Against Women in the 90s? Yes, the military does have sexual harassment and discrimination against women in the nineties. Firestone and co-researcher Richard J. Hurns analyzed a 1988 DOD Survey of men and women in the military and found that 51.8 % of men and 74.6% of women reported either experiencing or knowing of sexual harassment. Among the women surveyed, 70.1% had experienced sexual talk or behavior at the work place [that] created an offensive, hostile or intimidating environment. Among the men, 36.9% gave the same answer.(1) The percent of women being sexually harassed is much higher than the percent of men being harassed. Even though it is not†¦show more content†¦Women can get the feeling of not trusting anyone in the military command easier than women for two reasons. One, 99 percent of commanding ranks are taken by men, and two, men are more likely to help men than women. A woman can not get help from a commanding officer thats a woman, because the commanding officer is probably in a rut of her own. Women should join forces and overthrow the men in charge. The US would see a dramatic difference in sexual harassment cases reported. A Pentagon Survey of 90,000 service members showed that, overall, sexual harassment in the military is declining, but still common, involving over half the women in the military. The number of women reporting any type of sexual harassment in the previous twelve months dropped from 64 percent in a 1988 survey of all the services to 55 percent, according to the report. The unreleased documents indicated that among the individual services, the Navy improved the most over that period. For 1995, that number had dropped to 53 percent. The Air Force, as in 1988, continued to show the lowest overall percentage of harassment among women surveyed, dropping from 57 percent to 49 percent.(4) The Navy has made a strong and thoughtful effort towards the declining of sexual harassment since the Tailhook scandal. In fact, all the services have. Beginning this year, equal opportunity training is to be received by everyone. Everyone should strive for not tolerating discrimination or

Alexander Strozier free essay sample

Alexander StrozierProfessor Robert FleischmannHUM2230March 25, 2018Future, Drake, and Rick ross are all amazing artist in the hip hop music industry that shows verisimilitude in their music videos as artist did in the Baroque era. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. People of their nature are fans with high expectations of their style of work. Rap music exposes a lot to the public like violence, success, braveness, motivation, and reality but it sometimes gets personal. For example, Rick Ross had problems with another rapper about money situations and their argument took the violent route. So as a hip hop artist Rick Ross had lots of guns in is video with someone tied up to a chair getting tortured and robbed in a scene with the person matching the description of his opponent, yes, it is reality but hip hop gets person which makes it real. Rappers in music videos wear big flashy chains and show money to signify their wealth which is verisimilitude. While in the same scene people are holding rifles and hand guns pointing them at the screen sharing their views of violence and braveness which is also Verisimilitude, even the person who is watching is influenced by these action as well as enlightened. Those videos express a lot and has meaning behind the scenes that are being shown. Truthfully from my point of view Caravaggio and Bernini did master their work as artist, but when it comes to specific things like verisimilitude these new artists like the ones mentioned before are giving them a run for their money. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. In todays world art has yet to forget the true meaning of Verisimilitude, or in other words reality, emotion, or the since of true features in art that stands out and grabs your attention. Imagine something beautiful like a sunny day with high tempered beams grazing across your head making you sweat while in a garden planting new crops as the old ones are sprouting, and the heat gives your conscience the signal to wipe your face that in a picture would be verisimilitude. It shows feeling, emotion and life. Ones greatly before our time has accomplished this type of art but it was back in the baroque era. There were several artists who performed this type of art during this era but from my point of view only two artists in those days mastered this type of art and their names where Caravaggio and Bernini. Verisimilitude is uneasily done but surely capable of doing as Caravaggio and Bernini mastered it with painting that are popular to this day. Some of their work are hanging in museums now today proving their perfection in Verisimilitude. From one artist one painting would be described as a knowledge to the readers on how verisimilitude was really performed, as in detail the painting are broken down by what proves their art shows verisimilitude. In the early 1600s time Caravaggio painted the Supper at Emmaus. This new birth to the seventeenth century stained a unique transformation in art. Before this dramatic change mannerism existed as the predominant style, great artistic people one being Caravaggio was adapting to natural real figures. Instead of excessively high convoluted poses of well mature muscular males and females, Caravaggio made known figures that arent stiff or dead but have life, dirty clothing, vast rankled skin, and even filthy finger nails. Caravaggios Supper at Emmaus was a duplicate image showing the gospel of Luke 24 where the Resurrected Christ appears to two disciples. Although Jesus had no beard he was recognized by the movement of his raised arm blessing the bread which he is located at the center of the painting in his Resurrection. The disciple is located to the left of him as his arms stretched out in disbelief. positioned next to Christ is the innkeeper, having no idea by the action of his gesture. Sitting directly on the opposite end of the table, positioned the closest to audience is another disciple forcing backwards in his seat. Its Caravaggios conspicuous or prominent way in his art work that truly signifies his talent as a artist in history. Art previous of his existence acted as combined parts or elements to create a whole. Gave creation to the figures posed, stiff, and solid. Supper at Emmaus by Caravaggio is defiantly an example of verisimilitude at that era showed a new style figures in a moment of time. Think for a second how did the two men know who the strange traveler was? How did they know it was Christ, it was by his gesture he raised his arms to bless the bread? In that motion, both disciples are quickly aware of whom he is. The two disciples reacted instantly with disbelief raising up and forcing the selves away from their chairs outstretching their arms. The innkeeper keeps his focus as he is not fazed by the motion as he is confused by it. Though they are all judged by their different gestures it shows real emotions. Caravaggios talent in showing off verisimilitude is more like looking a video with the motion other than stating a dry picture. Caravaggio get in-depth with the figures in his art work, for instance he made the disciples have rugged hands presenting hard work and are in life. The faces of all the men have wrinkles and some have facial hair showing age, and even the man whos standing has ripped clothing. His feature so men with real lives representing different sign and gestures with ware of hard work. Lying on the table is the supper. With bread, fowl, and a basket of fruit. Stiff items which provide life. Symbol of the Supper at Emmaus. The food represents assets of Christ like the bread that he blessed symbolized as his flesh, there is also a fowl on the plate which is mirroring death. placed on the edge of the table barely balanced with gravity is the fruit of the supper which shows breath, resurrection, and lastly rebirth. Next to the bread in the bowl is the grapes which makes wine also a symbol of Christ. The image and position of the bowl gives a viewer the illusion that you can reach out and grab it or push it back on the table, showing such emotion is verisimilitude. Caravaggio worked hard for his perfection as he was named the most famous painter in Rome. Verisimilitude should be symbolized with a high status in todays world of art. And not just one style of art any art. More reality, more emotion and effectiveness gives someone a more angled view of what reality and truthfulness really is. If you were to ask me I fear the future without verisimilitude, it would bring destruction. We as people deserve the truth. So, to all the fakers out there who just entertain and make things believable should be a shame. Its only the truth that will set you free not lies. Verisimilitude is a statement in ones art. As said before plenty may attempt and yes, it is hard to perfect but it is not impossible to be perfected. Bernini was also a well talented and one of the best of all times artist who used verisimilitude, but in my knowledge and mind set, Caravaggio worked hard for his perfection as he was named the most famous painter in Rome. Truthfully from my point of view Caravaggio and Bernini did master their work as artist, but when it comes to specific things like verisimilitude these new artists like the ones mentioned before are giving them a run for their money. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. So twentieth century may we as a group of different cultures, different beliefs, age and gender can we all show and share the knowledge we have from our ancient artist and ancestors the way real and reality should be shown in todays art. The Baroque era was a time of great existence and unique change in art. Let the young and the old as a future continue to take time to perfect this motion of time art. Future, Drake, and Rick ross are all amazing artist in the hip hop music industry now let there be several more as we further our journeys in life. To all we are whole lets create reality and focus our art on verisimilitude as the ancient artist like Caravaggio and Bernini mastered it.

Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine. Answer: Introduction: Transition to practice is an essential component of optimal delivery of the safeguard interventions to the patient in distress. This transition allows the healthcare professionals to effectively switch to new intervention methodologies on the basis of upgraded technology (Blair and Jansen 2015). Effective and smooth transition of nurses to new practices allows effective handling and imparting of remedial treatment to the patient. The smooth transition enhances the experience of the nurses building their professional identity. Furthermore, there has been a tremendous lag in smooth transition of practices by the nurses especially the new ones that prevent nurses from imparting effective treatment (Teoh, Pua and Chan 2013). The essay undertakes detailed analysis on the transition to practices among nurses and its effect on the professional identity of the nurses. This essay outlines the importance of transition to practice among nursing professionals and its effect on their professional identity. Furthermore, this essay provides interview of a psychologist by me as a care giver in order to compare the effect of transition to practice among two different professions. Additionally, an analysis has been conducted on the purpose, values and the practice of me as a care giver nurse for elderly people. Transition to practice is an essential component of growth and development of the safeguard interventions imparted by the nurses to the patients. Different theories have been formulated past decade to determine the transition to practice but the framework provided by Meleis is widely accepted as it is a concoction of both conceptual and theoretical analysis. This theory determines the importance of patient-oriented nursing on the basis of human analysis and the principles of ergonomics. This helps in formulating and adherence to information and communication technology and assistive technology. The theory provided by Meleis determines the response of a patient to internal and external factors such as environmental and bodily factors. Furthermore, it determines the role of experience of the patient based on social, cultural, psychosocial, economic beliefs. Additionally, theory determines the insufficiency of role experienced by the patient and further determining the responsibilities of nurses as a supplemental role. The kind of transition to practice that can occur as per the theory of Meleis are developmental, situational, health and organizational. The process of transition occurs by altering the awareness level, time span, effective engagement, change of identities and critically analysing the life events of the patient. Besides this, transition is also required at the personal, community and society level. The transition can occur by altering the existing beliefs and thought processing at each level (Ramsay et al. 2014). According to Barnes (2015), the theory also determines the importance of optimal and patient-oriented interventions by nurses in order to create a holistic environment of treatment based on palliative care, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, this can be undertaken with the help of detailed assessment on personal status, supporting family members and patient at their level, assessment of knowledge on the prevailing condition and extrinsic support by nurses (Barnes 2015). The Interview is conducted between a psychologist and I as a care giver nurse for elderly people (Please refer appendix 1 for the verbatim interview). Care giving nursing is one of the prevailing options chosen by different patients especially elderly people for their treatment on various severe health conditions. These care giving nurses undertakes treatment in the tertiary care facilities such as nursing homes or other assisted facilities. Such facility of treatment are preferred by many elderly patients due to 24 hour treatment facility, patient-oriented treatment, direct communication, friendly environment, concerned care and others. Besides this, psychologists are healthcare professionals that evaluates and analysis the mental conditions of a patient under distress. A psychologist understands the mental condition of a patient and provides remedial treatment predominantly with the help of non-pharmacological interventions such as counselling, therapies and others (Demeh and Rosen gren 2015). According to Betz et al. (2014), the transition to practice helps care givers of elderly people through multicomponent interventions in accordance with the patient-oriented regulation of treatment. A tailor made concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention is made in order to provide relief to the patient. In accordance with the framework of Meleis, nurses are capable to undertake shifting of the patient from one healthcare facility to another, provision of emergency care, ambulatory services, non-pharmacological interventions such as pain management therapies, massages, exercises and others. This framework provides, effective communication and optimal sharing of information through the establishment of informal relationship between the nurses and patients. Additionally, nurses are provided with the provision of undertaking the usage of assistive technology to provide support to the patient (Betz et al. 2014). In comparison to the care givers, transition to practice allows the psychologists in the establishment of the patient-oriented practices, data management of the client treatment, incorporating new age technology for the provisioning of the treatment and maintenance of the finances. Psychologists undertake patient-oriented practices with the help of the model provided by Meleis and analysis the condition of the patient suffering from. Additionally, record keeping is undertakes by electronic measures and privacy management is given topmost priority. Furthermore, the finances are managed in accordance with the GST law and maintain of electronic claiming and insurance management. Besides this, psychologists also undertake the provision of new age technology in order to update their tools , equipment and medication for the enhancement in the remedial treatment imparted by them (Kumaran and Carney 2014). In respect to both the professions, Meleis framework of the transition to practice pro vides effective establishment of the professional identity by providing the healthcare professionals effective guidelines to proceed with the remedial treatment (Baird and Reed 2015). Being a nurse, it is essential to impart effective remedial treatment to the patient under distress with the help of optimal concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions (Jackson et al. 2013). As per my analysis and evaluation, transition to practice is an essential component for enhancing the extent and quality of the intervention as it allows undertaking updates practices by skilled nurses. Furthermore, certain barriers also exist that prohibits the exertion of full impact of transition to practice on the interventions. These barriers can be lack of zeal and interest among nurses towards the remedial treatment and handling of the patient, emphasis on theoretical knowledge during the course study and conduction of training, lack of awareness on professional and technical skills, no effective experience on smooth transitioning to the new practices and many others (Yoder 2014). According to Debono et al. (2016), nursing as a profession is extremely demanding in terms of somatic and mental concentrations required from the nurses. In accordance with my experiences, lesser salary, average status in society, no personal life, excessive work pressure are some factors that affects the lack of zeal towards effective treatment. Furthermore, deficient provision of experimental training inhibits us undertaking from effective practices under critical conditions. These practices are concoction of palliative care, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, these barriers prohibit effective transitioning to new practices by the nurses especially the ones who are new in this profession and lacks experiences (Debono et al. 2016). Chang and Daly (2015), determines that the conceptual and theoretical framework for transition to practice provided by Meleis provides effective strategies to the nurses in order to preserve the ethical and moral wellbeing of both nurses and patient. These values are dignity, sympathy, justice, trust, extent of accuracy, autonomy while decision-making, altruism, responsibility, friendly relationship, privacy, precision and others. Furthermore, these values are deeply embedded in my profession and require to be regulated effectively in accordance with the remedial treatment (Chang and Daly 2015). Conclusion: Transition to practice is an essential determinant of practices and regulation of effective treatment among the patient under critical condition. The transition theory determined by Meleis provides a theoretical and conceptual framework of effective formulation, implementation and regulation of practices for optimal imparting of treatment in accordance with updated tools, equipments and medication interventions. The care giver nurse for elderly people and psychologist are two different professions but have primary role of providing effective remedial treatment to the patient under stress. The transition theory provides profession-oriented assistance to both care givers and psychologists by updating the associated intervention requirements and provisioning optimal guidelines for effective proceedings. Additionally, the transition theory also tackles the prevailing barriers in both the professions that prohibit optimal regulation of the treatment by nurses and psychologists. These barr iers for psychologists can be ineffective assessment of the prevailing critical condition, analysis on mental maladies and illness, ineffective documentation for future remedial treatment decision-making, extent of awareness among patient regarding their mental maladies and illness and many others. Besides this, for care giver nurse especially for elderly people can face barriers such as ineffectual communication, lack in assessment of the critical condition, lack of awareness of the condition among patients, lack of experience on remedial steps and many others. The transition to practice overcomes all such barriers by providing effective framework based on theoretical and experimental guidelines. For past many years, this framework has proved to be extremely effective in regulating effective treatment to the patients and must be further incorporated in other professions in order to increase the extent of the effectiveness. References: Baird, M.B. and Reed, P.G., 2015. Liminality in Cultural Transition: Applying ID-EA to Advance a Concept Into Theory-Based Practice.Research and theory for nursing practice,29(1), pp.25-37. Barnes, H., 2015, July. Nurse practitioner role transition: a concept analysis. InNursing forum(Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 137-146). Betz, C.L., Ferris, M.E., Woodward, J.F., Okumura, M.J., Jan, S. and Wood, D.L., 2014. The health care transition research consortium health care transition model: a framework for research and practice.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine,7(1), pp.3-15. Blair, K.A. and Jansen, M.P., 2015.Advanced practice nursing: Core concepts for professional role development. Springer Publishing Company. Chang, E. and Daly, J., 2015.Transitions in nursing: Preparing for professional practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Debono, D., Travaglia, J.F., Dunn, A.G., Thoms, D., Hinchcliff, R., Plumb, J., Milne, J., Erez-Rein, N., Wiley, J. and Braithwaite, J., 2016. Strengthening the capacity of nursing leaders through multifaceted professional development initiatives: A mixed method evaluation of the Take The Leadprogram.Collegian,23(1), pp.19-28. Dmeh, W. and Rosengren, K., 2015. The visualisation of clinical leadership in the content of nursing educationa qualitative study of nursing students' experiences.Nurse education today,35(7), pp.888-893. Jackson, D., Wilkes, L.M., Daly, J. and Cross, W., 2013. The emotional demands of nursing leadership: challenges and strategies for career sustainability. InProceedings of RCN 2013 International Nursing Research Conference, 20-22 March 2013, Belfast, UK(pp. 46-46). Kumaran, S. and Carney, M., 2014. Role transition from student nurse to staff nurse: Facilitating the transition period.Nurse education in practice,14(6), pp.605-611. Ramsay, P., Huby, G., Thompson, A. and Walsh, T., 2014. Intensive care survivors' experiences of ward?based care: Meleis' theory of nursing transitions and role development among critical care outreach services.Journal of clinical nursing,23(5-6), pp.605-615. Teoh, Y.T.E., Pua, L.H. and Chan, M.F., 2013. Lost in transitiona review of qualitative literature of newly qualified Registered Nurses' experiences in their transition to practice journey.Nurse Education Today,33(2), pp.143-147. Yoder-Wise, P.S., 2014.Leading and managing in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Why Do You Want to Pursue an MBA Essay Sample?

Why Do You Want to Pursue an MBA Essay Sample?If you have been thinking about entering a major in higher education, why not check out an MBA Essay Sample? An MBA is one of the most sought after degrees by students today. It gives them a wider scope for job opportunities, but it also brings with it a lot of additional responsibility that they cannot ignore.An MBA is very much sought after by many students because it allows the students to gain invaluable experience that can be used when applying for other graduate and postgraduate degrees. It also allows the students to become more competitive, because they can apply for a higher level degree from a better quality university. Of course, this does not mean that all students who enter an MBA program are automatically ahead of their peers. An MBA student should strive to excel and reach his or her highest possible status in the company as quickly as possible.Students who go through the rigorous MBA program will be well prepared for anyth ing that is thrown at them. They will also understand the importance of networking and will make sure that they give it every chance that they can. In fact, networking is a great way for an MBA student to develop and enhance his or her career.A writing sample is not just about doing well in a competition - it is also about looking after your own well being. Your mind is at its best when you are able to find things that are of interest to you and write about them. To achieve that, you will need to be creative and articulate, so a good sample can help you achieve that.MBA students will have to deal with a lot of individuals in his or her career, including professors, mentors, staff and other students. The process of networking with these people can become rather exhausting, but this does not have to be the case. A MBA students should take the opportunity to meet as many people as possible. Once he or she has met as many people as possible, then the student should try to make a lastin g impression with them. An MBA writer will always try to ensure that his or her work is original, but at the same time should deliver well on paper. This means that the student has to make sure that his or her writing flows nicely, making sure that he or she makes the reader want to read what is on the page.If you really want to be successful, a student in the MBA program should always write well. A well written MBA essay sample can only make your writing much more impressive and will surely make you stand out from the rest of the other applicants.

Basic elements of social fields Essays - Third Portuguese Republic

Basic elements of social fields RESUMEN: El presente trabajo revisa algunos elementos bsicos de la teora de los campos sociales, destacando su profunda ligazn con el estudio de la teora poltica y los Derechos fundamentales. El autor intenta explicar de la forma ms clara posible dentro de su propia complejidad, la teora de Pierre BOURDIEU. Tras ahondar en el concepto de campos sociales; los elementos fundamentales de la teora; las relaciones entre campo social, capital y sujetos; y, la autonoma relativa de los campos; fi nalmente, como un pretexto para aplicar la teora de los campos sociales, se refl exiona acerca de la reforma a la calidad de la educacin chilena. ABSTRACT: The present work checks some basic elements of the social fi elds theory, emphasizing its deep attachment with the study of the political theory and the fundamental rights. The author tries to explain as clear as possible inside its own complexity, Pierre BOURDIEU s theory. After explain the concept of social fi elds; the fundamental elements of the theory; the relations between social fi eld, capital and subjects; and, the fi elds relative autonomy; fi nally, as a pretext to apply the the social fi elds theory, the author thinks over the reform of the Chilean education quality. PALABRAS CLAVE: Instituciones Polticas - Derechos Fundamentales - Sociologa del Derecho - Campos Sociales Pierre BOURDIEU KEY WORDS: Political institutions - Fundamental rights Legal Sociology - Social Fields - Pierre BOURDIEU I. INTRODUCCIN En trminos simples, una teora es un conjunto ordenado de ideas que describen un objeto de estudio determinado y su funcionamiento. El valor de las teoras depende del nivel con que nos permite comprender y explicarnos los fenmenos de la naturaleza y de la sociedad. Ellas perviven, siguiendo el anlisis de Thomas S. KUHN sobre las revoluciones cientfi cas, hasta que son reemplazadas por una propuesta ms satisfactoria que es adoptada por la comunidad. Durante el ltimo tiempo ha gozado de muy buena salud en el mbito de la sociologa la propuesta diseada por el francs Pierre BOURDIEU, especialmente aquella parte de su obra referida a los campos sociales. Por los diversos motivos que se tendr oportunidad de apreciar en el desarrollo de este trabajo, la teora de los campos sociales ofrece un modelo de anlisis sumamente til para comprender las relaciones de poder al interior de la sociedad, la dinmica de funcionamiento de diversos sectores 211 ARS BONI ET AEQUI (AO 7 NO 1): PP. 209 - 219 aparentemente muy distintos entre s y algunos elementos que el Estado social y democrtico de Derecho debe tener a la vista al momento de realizar las tareas que le son propias, especialmente en la promocin y defensa de los derechos fundamentales. Debido a ello, en este breve trabajo hemos emprendido la tarea de rescatar algunos de los elementos bsicos de la teora de los campos sociales, destacando su profunda ligazn con el estudio de la teora poltica y los Derechos fundamentales, intentado explicarlos de la forma ms clara posible dentro de su propia complejidad. Advertimos al lector que este se trata de un texto escrito por un hombre de Derecho destinado a actuales y futuros hombres y mujeres de Derecho. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo ser sumamente fcil para un especialista en Ciencias Sociales detectar algunas fallas, imprecisiones e incluso excesivas simplifi caciones. Pido desde ya las excusas del caso en atencin a la fi nalidad ya declarada. Dicho lo anterior, solamente resta sealar que este se trata de un trabajo descriptivo, por lo que no cabe la generacin de conclusiones. Sin embargo, con el afn pedaggico que nos inspira el fi nal del texto se incluye un brevsimo anlisis en el cual se pretende ilustrar la aplicacin de esta teora a situaciones de relevancia poltica y jurdica. II. EL CONCEPTO DE CAMPOS SOCIALES En la teora de BOURDIEU se defi ne a los campos sociales como: espacios de juego histricamente constituidos por sus instituciones especfi cas y sus leyes de funcionamiento propias.1 Para el socilogo francs la sociedad puede ser concebida como un espacio diferenciado de posiciones sociales en el que las relaciones entre estas posiciones constituyen el ncleo de lo que es propiamente social.2 Es decir, la actividad propia de la vida en sociedad se defi ne por las relaciones entre entes que se distinguen entre s por la posesin de diferentes bienes y valores que los sitan en distintas posiciones, las que, a su vez, permiten y defi nen las relaciones entre ellos. Luego, los campos sociales son espacios identifi cables en donde ocurren tipos especfi cos de relaciones entre sujetos, siendo posible analizar estas

The Pearl Essays

The Pearl Essays The Pearl Paper The Pearl Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Pearl The novel is about Kino a pearl fisher and his family. One day, a scorpion stung his son Coyotito. The doctor refused to treat him because Kino is poor and no money. So Kino went for pearl fishing in the hope that it would pay for his sons treatment. Kino found a pearl. The pearl buyers tried to cheat him and thieves attempted to kill him. Kino decided to escape with his family. Unfortunately Coyotito was killed. Kino and Juana returned home sadly and threw the pearl back into the sea. My critical view of The Pearl. John Steinbecks novel The Pearl is not an ordinary story. This is a story about a great pearl, a Mexican-Indian community, and great dreams. This book is wonderfully written by John Steinbeck in 1947. Through this novel, he tries to teach us a lot of moral values which are very important in our life. Through each character he expresses at least one moral value. I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, their culture, settings of village and feelings of the characters. When I read the book, I can imagine Kino, Juana and Coyotito, their brush house with wooden floor, food and clothing. I became deeply involved in this story. Thus I can feel how Kino and Juana suffered without money to treat Coyotito. In this way, Kino and Juana looked like simple, pitiful characters. However, Steinbeck uses them as examples of people who are suffering without wealth and who are looked down by the upper class. I love his ability to portray the feelings of the family. Especially, when Kino dreams to give his son proper education and a better life for Juana. Even though Kino appears to be hot tempered and stubborn but he never lets his family down. So this indicates how should the head of a family be. Besides Kino, Steinbeck also shows Juanas character as a loving protective mother. When the doctor refused to treat Coyotito, she never gave up. She used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound, and this indicates how great a loving mother is. Steinbeck also shows Juana as a devoted wife, even though Kino used to beat and scold her. This novel of Steinbeck also tells us, how the Mexican-Indians are being ill-treated. He also reminds me of how greedy people can be. Just to get the pearl they can do anything. Here Steinbeck uses the thieves and doctor as examples of people who are greedy for the pearl. In fact he shows Kino turned to be o fierce, wild and slotted man in order to protect the pearl and his family. I believe that the love for money is the root of all evil and that John Steinbeck had this in mind when he wrote this novel. Overall the book is not only enjoyable to read, but educational too. I understand that greediness gives us nothing. I also learned how the Indians of Central America were treated by the Spanish. Besides, I understand the value of the family and love for each other. So, I would recommend this book to readers of all ages because it is very interesting, portrays cultural and moral values of any ethic community. Three Different Blurbs a) This novel by American writer John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is about a pearl diver Kino. When Kino finds an extra ordinary pearl, he hopes that it will change his life style. But later he regrets to find the evil pearl which causes a lot of trouble and kills his loving son. b) The Pearl is very short but wonderful. It is based on Mexican old folk legend and inspired by John Steinbeck on 1948. A poor pearl diver dreams of wealth and happiness for his family when he finds a priceless pearl. Do his dreams become true? Read the Pearl to know the answer. c) This book is an amazing parable of good and evil, and the destructive power of greed. Even though the book is small but it packs a powerful punch. Through this book Steinbeck try to teach a lesson about being greedy and stubborn. A good lesson for us to read. It is also an excellent example of cultural discrimination and inhumane treatment of others simply because of skin color and financial ability. 5.1 Definition of authorial critism According to Dugal Williamson (1989), says that authorial critism is the kind of critism that produces the effect of authorial individually and effaces all other factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly, the authorial critics put the author at the centre of a text meaning and ignore the techniques of composition which manipulate the way readers respond to the text. Authorial critism does not allow us to see that the text is a kind of a staging of representations of signifying gestures, informed by social knowledges and training. 52 Definition of neo-rhetorical critism It is clear that Williamsons motive is to move away from author-centered critism towards the kind of critism that focuses on techniques of representation. He wants to kill off the Romantic author so that we may see the textual elements working to produce the effect of meaning. As an alternative to authorial critism, Williamson proposes the neo-rhetorical critism be it genre or discursive analysis, enables us to see that all texts owe an unacknowledged debt to other text, that behind the appearance of originality, texts employ generic conventions in terms of narrative and structure and style, all of which admit both repetition and variation. Analysis of my critical review When I analyze my critical review on The Pearl, I think it is based on authorial criticism. From my understanding of authorial criticism is the kind of critic that produces the effect of authorial individuality and effaces all the factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly the author is given very much emphasis at the centre of a texts meaning. In contrast the techniques of writing which manipulate the way readers respond to the text is ignored. So in my critical review on The Pearl I did the same. I give more emphasis for the author. So my critical review was based on how the author describes the characters, plot, settings and feelings. And I never mentioned about how is the authors techniques of writing, the language elements, genres, the similes, gestures, idioms that he used and so on. This can be proofed in my critical review which has this line I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, culture, setting and their feelings. Dugal Williamson posits four overlapping strategies of authorial criticism. I think I have to follow the first and third strategies. According to the first strategy we should avoid linking a particular novel with other novels by the author, should not be looking for patterns of aesthetic significance between the any novels of the author and should not compare this novel or that particular novel is more representative. In my critical review, I never linked the Pearl with any other novel of Steinbeck. I totally avoid all the factors mentioned in the first strategy. My review is fully based on authors meaning or the message that he would like to converse. The third strategy of authorial criticism implies that we should avoid saying like this:- Pearl is proof that John Steinbeck is a master of his material, and a writer in whom great talent abides. Instead, we may say:- The pearl implies or suggests or indicates and etc. There are differences between these two sentences. The first suggest that John Steinbeck is responsible for the coherence and unity of the pearl, while the second sentence implies that meaning of the text is constructed following certain protocols or critical interpretative. So I follow the second way which I put like this she used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound and this indicates how great is a mother. Analysis of the selected online reviews The review (a) by a reader named Fatima (refer to appendix 1) on the Pearl seems to be more neo-rhetorical criticism. This is because the reader talks about the plot and content the story. The reader has also interpreted his understanding of which the author is trying to say. So she talks more on the people, the culture and society. Only one line speaks of Steinbeck which says he consider elements of community and politic in his work. There is no major relation between the author and text. So I would say this more of new rhetorical criticism rather than an authorial. The review (b) is written by a kid on 1st September 2004 (refer to appendix 2). According to my understanding, I think his review is more on new-rhetorical criticism rather than authorial. Because this reader also talks little bit about the main characters. The reader also compares this Pearl with other books of the author and says it is equally good. Besides, all of these the reader also mentions that Steinbeck is a literacy magician. This indicates that the reader try to highlight Steinbecks ability to describe the beautifulness of the nature. So this shows to me, that the reader try to mention the language style, literacy devices and the genres used by the author to describe it in real. However, there are two lines in this readers review look like authorial criticism. The sentences are sounds like this when Steinbeck describes Juana carrying the dead baby back into town in her dress I cried. When he writes it is as if you are watching a movie unfold inside of your head. After analyzing the particular lines I noticed that they are more to authorial criticism. Because that lines show that the reader also interpreted his understanding of what the author is trying to convey and he become deeply involved in the seen. I think the reader try to tell us how wonderfully Steinbeck describes the feelings of a sad mother using his imaginative and literacy devices. So based on my analysis, I think this review is mixture of both rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Through my analysis, I think the review (c) on the 14th May 2004 (refer to appendix 3) is also mixture of both new-rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Because the reader puts the author in the centre of the text. The reader says that Steinbeck wasnt trying to make you happy and have the book have a Hollywood ending. Steinbeck was trying to make a point These mean the reader gives more emphasis for the author. The author is treated as the origin of a works form and meaning. Besides the author is also used as a principle of writing. Because the reader did not say that Steinbeck made the story very sad and touching. But he mentions it indirectly in those sentences. This same readers also reflects the new-rhetorical criticism in his review. This can be proofed by the readers view of points which telling about Steinbecks style of writing and we would imagine something else when we read it. Not only these, the reader also says that Steinbeck used a lot of descriptions and a lot of similes. The reader also says there are sentences would stick to us like gum to the bottom of our shoe. So this indicates to me the language, genres and literacy devices that used by Steinbeck in his technique of writings. Essay I have always admired the beauty of pearl, but never known much about it. After reading the novel Pearl by Steinbeck, I realized the pearl is very great and valuable. It gives beauty and prestige for the people who own it. However this pearl also can change people to be greedy and selfish. This is clearly expressed by John Steinbeck in his novel Pearl. In addition, after reading the wonderful novel Pearl, my interest to know about the pearl increased. Thus, I chose the pearl as my key word to look for information on internet and I found so many interesting articles about pearl. However there are two articles which interested me very much. There are the history of pearl and American Pearls. It is very interesting to read the history of pearl. It gives me wonderful education and knowledge about the cultured pearl. Many thousands years ago, long before written history, pearl probably found by the humans while searching the seashore for food. Throughout history, the pearl with its warm inner glow and shimmering iridescences, has been one of the most highly prized and sought-after gems. Countless references to the pearl can be found in the religions and mythology of cultures from the earliest times. The ancient Egyptians prized pearls were very great. Cleopatra reportedly dissolved a single pearl in a glass of wine and drank it, simply to win a wager with Mark Anthony that she could consume the wealth of an entire nation in just one meal. In ancient Rome, pearls were considered the ultimate symbol of wealth and social standing. Besides, there were many other histories of pearls. The pearls were so highly regarded, a number of European countries actually passed laws forbidding anyone but the nobility to wear them. Well during the European expansion into the New York would, the discovery pearl in central American waters add to the wealth of Europe. Unfortunately, greed and lust for the sea-grown gems resulted in the depletion of virtually all the American Pearl oyster populations by the 17th Century. Until the early 1900s natural pearls were accessible only to the rich and famous. In 1916, famed French jeweler Jacques Cartier bought his landmark store on New Yorks famous Fifth Avenue by trading two pearl necklaces for the valuable property. But today, with advent of pearl cultivation, pearls are available and affordable to all. The birth of pearl is really amazing. Pearls are grown by live oyster far below the surface of the sea. They are born from oysters completely with a shimmering iridescence, luster and soft inner glow unlike any other gem stones. A natural pearl begins its life as a foreign object, such as parasite of shell that accidentally lodges itself in an oysters soft inner body where it cannot expelled. The case this irritant, the oysters body takes defensive action. The oyster forms a substance nacre around the irritant in order to protect itself. As long as the irritant remains with its body, the oyster will continue to secrete nacre around it, layer upon layer. Over time, the irritant will be completely encased by the silky crystalline coating. And the result ultimately is the lovely and lustrous gem called a pearl. Well the cultured pearl share the same properties as natural pearls. Oysters form cultured pearls in an almost identical fashion. The only difference is a person carefully implants their irritant in the oyster, rather than leaving it change. Modern pearl cultivation has become more selective. In Japanese pearl cultivation, highly skilled technicians carefully open live pearls oysters, and with surgical precision make an incision in the oysters body. Then the oysters will be sent to sea back and observed by the technicians. Later the oyster will produce layer after layer lustrous nacre around the nuclear implanted within them. During the period of the oyster will be given health and cleaning treatment. Over time, after many months of growth and cave, the oysters are ready for harvest. After harvesting, pearls must be stored by the size and quality. Finally, the experts will make the pearl jewelry. However the article about American Pearls is also very knowledge and beneficial for me. This article describes about variefies of pearl. Pearl jewelry and clear explanations of the identity quality within each variety and customer service. Refer to appendix ( ) to view the picture American Pearl store is the direct connection to variety of cultured pearls from all over the world. The American Pearl provides all kinds of pearl jewelry. It offers the highest quality pearl which stands at the pearliest prices. American Pearls goals is to best provide customers with top quality service and help people to create memorable occasions such as birthdays, weddings, graduations, Valentines day and many more. It also specialize is selling cultured pearl jewelry imported from all over the world. It has long established relationship with pearl farmers from Australia (white south sea pearls), Tahiti (black south sea pearls), Indonesia (golden south sea) and Japan (Akoyo). The American Pearl is the direct importer and make a market for south sea pearls at wholesale prices which are imply unrivaled. Its gold smiths are well versed in designing the pearl jewelry appropriately according to the customers taste. Besides, American Pearl is the only source for Hawless pearls. Conclusion The novel Pearl by John Steinbeck is not only enjoyable but it also aroused, my interest to learn about the real oyster pearl and its history. I never knew there were cultured abalone pearls until I came across the internet online sources about pearl. The materials gave me wide range of explanation about pearls and the history. It has been wonderful education for me. Besides, I also learnt how to judge a book by reading the blurbs and other peoples reviews.

ENG DB 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENG DB 5 - Essay Example In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Hawthorne presents the idea that the Puritan religion, because of these beliefs, has lost all sense of meaning to the younger generations. In his journey through the dark woods and the events he witnesses there, Goodman Brown’s steps symbolize Hawthorne’s own doubts and observations about his religion based on his knowledge of what has gone before and the inevitable result of the Puritanical teachings he’s been part of. As Young Goodman Brown sets off on his dark journey, his young wife Faith implores him not to go, sensing some kind of immediate peril. The emphasis on young here indicates the journey Goodman Brown is proposing to undertake is a journey to find the necessary conversion experience deemed important in the Puritan religion of Hawthorne’s time. Without having gone through such a transformation, individual members were not considered to be full-fledged members of the congregation. As a newly married man, it would be among Goodman Brown’s chief concerns to establish himself as a member of the community and take his proper role as the head of a household. Yet, the fear expressed by Faith indicates there is a hidden peril in undertaking such a journey. Her warning, â€Å"may you find all well when you come back† (293), seems to indicate the peril does not apply strictly to Goodman Brown as he sets off on his journey, but for Faith as well in being left behind, alone in the darkness. The sense of foreboding in testing his own faith is further emphasized as Goodman Brown enters the forest â€Å"on his present evil purpose. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind† (294). In this solitary journey, Hawthorne indicates that the doctrine of purposefully seeking challenges to a faith already weakened by church dictates is a highly dangerous proposition with the

Post traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Post traumatic Stress Disorder - Essay Example This resultant stressed mind negatively affects individuals’ ability to function normally and wrecks their daily life, further causing depression and in extreme cases psychological disorders. That is, in a stressed and depressed state, individuals may not be able to utilize their physical as well as mental parts optimally. When that happens there will be a poor match between the personal, societal expectations and the functional ability of the individuals, which in turn leads to disorientation of individuals’ psychological systems causing disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Background about PTSD and the main claim or theme PTSD, an anxiety and stress related psychological disorder, can develop in individuals, when he/she is exposed to a shocking event or ordeal, during which grave mental torture or physical harm has occurred. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD may include violent personal assaults on the individuals, or when the individuals get cau ght in natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or even military combat. (â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†). Individuals affected with PTSD could undergo grave mental ordeals, affecting not only their personal, professional and social lives, but also that of their related and associated lives. This disorder will be visible in persons immediately after a traumatic event and could continue for a shorter or a longer time, according to the severity of the event. When persons are afflicted with PTSD, they exhibit many symptoms like persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal, feeling emotionally detached as well as numb, especially with people they were once close to, experiencing sleep deprivation or problems, etc. (â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†). So, it is a difficult disorder that could afflict all types of individuals, particularly the people who have high chances of facing traumatic events like the soldiers in the battlefield, war ret urnees, etc. The severity of the affliction due to PTSD also depends on the character, thought process, physical ability and mental fortitude of the individuals. Because based on the above mentioned qualities only, the individuals will cope up or given in to PTSD. This being the case, treatment options for the sufferers of PTSD has to be oriented based on their personal as well as social life. Although, various medications as well as psychological therapies are being practiced, it is of crucial importance in any method of treatment to include the partner as well as family members of the affected including that of the war returnees in the treatment process, with this essay focusing on that aspect. Symptoms and its repercussions As pointed out above, PTSD is a condition which is brought about by exposure to a traumatic incident that kind of plays back through flashbacks or in the dreams/nightmares of the affected individuals. (Yehuda 67). The traumatic events could directly involve th e individual, where he/she has been exposed to a threat of death, as well as other physical and psychological assaults, and also when someone else, who are known and close to the individuals, are exposed to the same threats and assaults. When they or ‘others’ are under threat, it is natural for the individuals to get afraid, with that fear only triggering sizable split-second changes in the individual’s body and preparing the body to face it or avoid it, through a response called

What A Higher Education Means To Me Essay Example for Free

What A Higher Education Means To Me Essay As a military officer working with the United States of America’s Air Force, a higher education means a lot to me. The United States of America’s Air Force mission is to deliver sovereign options in a bid to offer defence to the nation and serve other global interest. It is the youngest of the U. S Armed Force’s branches and it was created in 1947. The United States of America Air Force flies and fights in air, space and in cyberspace. The US Air Force’s vision is global vigilance reach and power (Sandra, 2004) As a military officer, furthering my education is very crucial since it will prepare me effectively to effect the air force’s vision of keeping vigil for the globe, reaching other globes as well as exercising power and force of the United States of America’s Air Force. Going for further studies means advancing my knowledge and skills. In today’s globalized world, the United States of America’s Air Force officers need to be more knowledgeable so as to be in a position to offer effective service in today’s highly demanding, challenging and complex globe. Higher Education implies that I will gain more technical knowledge and skills. Global vigilance is very demanding and there is no way an Air Force officer can keep watch, day and night on a globe which he does not have adequate knowledge and information on its economic, political and social aspects. Thus, pursuing further studies on politics of other nations will prepare me in knowing what to expect. For instance, when the United States of America’s Air force is expected to spy on dealings of say a neighbouring or a terrorist nation, prior knowledge and information on the given nation is very crucial since it helps the officers be in a position to detect strange or unexpected behaviour or operations of the nation. This will make it easy for the military officers to make decisions on whether to attack the nation or not. Thus, decisions to advance education for military officers in the united states of America’s Air Force has been met by a lot of support (Sandra, 2004) Many Air Force officers have developed a desire to advance their education. Furthering one’s education by enrolling for studies in an institution of higher learning implies that the Air Force officers will also advance their careers, which means offering effective service to the community. In most institutions of higher learning for Air Force officers, language studies and cultural studies have been focused at service academics. These studies are very crucial in that there is no way United States of America’s Air Force officers can communicate to other officers across the globe without the use of language. A higher education also means that I will be more effective and will deliver recommendable service to the United States Air Force, the United States nation and the whole globe. Effective service implies that my seniors i. e. the Chief Master sergeant of the Air Force or the Air Force chief of staff will recognize my good work. Continued appraisals, acknowledgements and rewards will mean that my seniors may decide to reward my efforts and determination my giving me a promotion which will mean a lot to me. Various awards by the Air Force secretary will also help boost my self-esteem and motivate me to perform better. In today’s’ globalised world, the United States of America’s Air Force and any other nation need further education so as to be able to move with advancements and progresses in the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Further education plays the role of equipping me with upto date discoveries in the field of technology. In addition, further education can assist me in carrying out research and survey on various issues affecting the United States of America’s Air Force and any other Air Force bases across the globe. For instance, carrying out research on the use of alternative sources of fuel in the United States of America’s military force. In conclusion, higher education is very crucial for the United States of America’s Air Force and any other air force or military force across the globe in effecting their goals and missions. People should change their perceptions that going for further studies is a waste of resources and time for the Air Force officers. Higher education is the key to effective service. Reference Donovan (2004) The U. S Air Force, Lerner publications (23-27)

Research Methods Essay -- Quantitative Method, Qualitative Method

Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a principle of research. General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics. However, the researcher uses in-depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas, qualitative research the researcher changes the environment of the subject and uses these in-depth questionnaires to find differing attitudes about the world we research live in. Similarly, quantitative can be personal, such as in the periodic visits with the researchers to analysis symptoms and record data. Qualitative and Quantitative can overlap each other, for example, in the in-dept interview process in quantitative research to record data and test subjects for symptoms. They can overlap but conclusively differences such numerical data collection and statistics that will always be at odds. Qualitative and Quantitative design have many advantage and disadvantage. There are different designs that allow researches to draw different kinds of conclusions and Interpretations. For example Qualitative research can be critical. Qualitative data are extremely varied in nature. For Example, Quantitative focuses on tightly controlled variables in a structured setting to provide an explanation of la... ...earch checks reliability and validity in the form of prolonged treatment, triangulation, and persistent observation. For Example, Quantitative in Nonexperimental research involves observing and measuring things as they are. Naturalistic observation, interview, survey, case history, and psychometric scales are some of the methods used when it is not possible or unethical to manipulate an independent variable. Nonexperimental research is used to provide solutions to problems. Nonexperimental research can add to what we know by common sense because we can test our beliefs to see how true they are. Both methods also have ways of sampling. Random sampling is preferred in quantitative research. This allows the researcher to pick a representation of a larger group and the results can be generalized to the larger group. In qualitative research, sampling is not random.

Continuous Human Activities Towards Global Warming

The phenomenon described as global warming has been well studied and documented by researchers throughout the world for several years. It is a phenomenon that has the potential to destroy our planet and all life on it. This essay will briefly define global warming, provide evidence of global warming, outline the main causes of global warming and discuss both the known and potential impacts of global warming on the planet earth. Comments are also made concerning actions being taken as well as others that need to be taken to protect our planet from the potential catastrophic consequences of continued global warming. For thousands of years the earth has gone through many changes in climate. In the last decade however, the earth has experienced notable increases in temperature, resulting in rising sea levels, changes in precipitation as well as other climate changes. The earth has not experienced such dramatic climate changes before in it's history as it has in the last one hundred years. Some of these climatic changes have been blamed on global warming. What is this phenomenon referred to as global warming? Global warming is the term used to describe a moderate increase in the earth's temperature as a result of human activities. Examples include, the burning of fossil fuels and the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which build up greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is a term used to describe the warming of the earth's surface due to the presence of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases, which trap radiant heat at the earth's surface. Diagram 1 illustrates the greenhouse effect. The denser these gases the more heat that is trapped. Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate, and heats the earth's surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy retaining heat. This is not unlike the glass panels of a greenhouse. (EPA 1) The increase in the amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from industries and cars causes energy to be trapped in the earth's atmosphere resulting in a rise of global temperatures. Without a little greenhouse effect though, life as we know it could not possibly exist on the earth. The natural greenhouse effect causes the mean temperature of the earth's surface to be approximately 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be if natural greenhouse gases were not present in the earth's atmosphere. (The Greenhouse Trap, 1) However, scientists are worried that human activities are intensifying the greenhouse effect. Cairncross writes, â€Å"global warming is likely to be the result of the build-up of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide† (Cairncross 111). The three main greenhouse gases produced by human activities are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen gas. Carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas produced by humans. It is responsible for over half of the increase in greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere. This is primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels. Each year, the burning of fossil fuels releases 5. 5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (footnote) The main sources of carbon dioxide include, electric utilities (35%), transport (30%), industry (24%), and the other 11% is produced by residential buildings (Brisbane Adventist College www. ozkidz). The graph below shows the dramatic increase in carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere. It is believed that since the Industrial Revolution began about 250 years ago, atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased from a value of about 275 parts per million before the Industrial Revolution to about 360 parts per million in 1996, and the rate of increase has speeded up over this span of time (Hartmann). Scientists have determined this by measuring the carbon dioxide levels in the air that became trapped in glaciers, hundreds of years ago. They then compare this to the amounts of carbon dioxide in today's air. Global warming was first predicted in 1896, by a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius. Arrhenius realized that the amount of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere was increasing rapidly due to industrialization. Arrhenius predicted that doubling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would raise the earth's average temperature by about 5 °C (Herring). Though no one really paid any attention to him, Arrhenius's prediction was surprisingly accurate. He was only off by about 2 to 3 degrees. This is very remarkable, considering he had to make the calculations by hand without the aid of scientific equipment. It was not until the 1980's that it was determined global warming was actually occurring, almost a hundred years after it was first predicted by Arrhenius. Global warming has already raised the average temperature of the earth's surface by about 0. 5 degrees within the last one hundred years (Bates 6). The top ten warmest days in recorded history have all occurred within the 1990's. Global temperature changes between 1861 and 1996 are outlined in Diagram 2. It has been estimated that global average temperatures will increase of as much as 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) before the year 2999 (6). Up until recently most of the carbon dioxide produced was absorbed by the world's oceans, trees and soils. The rest remained in the atmosphere. Unfortunately, now we are producing more carbon dioxide and our oceans, trees and soils are absorbing less. This is partly attributed to the fact that our forests are being destroyed. Research has been done to show that as many as 60 acres of rain forest are being destroyed, every hour, every day of the year. (The Rain forest Trust Inc. ) In the world, only 22% of the old growth forests are still alive. This is because more forests are being cleared to make room for farming and the trees are not being replaced. This destructive process is called deforestation. Deforestation has been going on since man began clearing land for agriculture and has increased substantially during the industrialization period. The dramatic decline in the earth's forested areas can be seen on Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that between the years 900 and 1990 the earth's forested area has declined from 40% to 20%. The rain forests of the world are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Their loss is very concerning because they do not grow back easily. Forests are important because they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen back into the atmosphere. Forests help reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. If current trends continue, the world's rain forests could disappear in the next few decades. As a result of the loss of these forests, global temperatures are rising faster than they ever have because less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere. Should global temperatures continue to increase at present day rates, scientists believe that there may be many negative impacts from global warming. For example, should temperatures continue to rise, polar ice caps and glaciers will melt, causing the sea and ocean levels to rise. Many beaches will sink beneath the water and many parts of low lying counties will be submerged below water. It is also possible that some coastal areas will be completely covered by water. The world's ocean levels have already risen about four to six inches since 1990 and it is expected to rise another six inches by the year 2100. (Leatherman) This could flood many coastal cities, leaving thousands of people homeless. Maps 1 and 2 show the potential impact of raising sea levels on North Carolina and Florida respectively. Another potentially disastrous effect of global warming is a reduction to the general health of people. There are some diseases that only affect people that live where the climate is extremely warm. As a result of a general increase in temperature there will be more people dying everyday because of heart problems related to heat exhaustion. Hospital admissions show that death rates increase during extremely hot days, particularly among the very old and very young people living in cities. Diseases in tropical areas, like yellow fever and malaria would be more common in areas like Canada and the United States should temperatures rise. This would cause thousands to die each year from these tropical diseases. Global warming trends will also change rainfall patterns. Some areas of the world will become wetter while others will become drier. Historical evidence suggests that the grain-growing areas of North America are likely to have less rain (Bates 19). This would result in the Great Plains becoming a grassland or desert and the corn belt would experience more frequent droughts. These changes in rainfall patterns will test the agricultural and water management skills of many countries. It is still possible for both industrialized and developing countries to stop global warming. To prevent serious environmental problems associated with global warming we will have to bring together widely different cultural, political and economic interests to pursue the majority of the world's people to make sacrifices for the sake of future generations. In December 1997, an agreement was made between 160 countries, in Kyoto, Japan, to cut greenhouse emissions by 5. % below 1990 levels by the 2008-2012 period. This means that the United States and Japan will have to lower their greenhouse emissions by 7 and 6 percent respectively. This reduction is to be accomplished by a blend of taxes and regulations, with some subsidies for implementing green technologies. (proquest article) Most companies are trying to work well ahead of the agreement date and reduce greenhouse emissions now. Should a company cut their emissions to the point where they reduce their emissions by more than 5. 2%, they can receive pollution credits, which can be sold to other companies. Stopping global warming will not be an easy task. There are going to have to be many initiatives taken to stop global warming. The only way we will be able to accomplish this is by getting the whole world to work together and reduce the production of carbon dioxide. This is especially true for the United States, a country which is the biggest polluter on the planet. The most effective way to prevent global warming is to stop emitting dangerous greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A good way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is practice the three R's; reduce, reuse and recycle. Purchasing food and other products in reusable and recycled packaging can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 230 pounds per year, while recycling all household waste newsprint, cardboard, glass and metal can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by an additional 850 pounds per year (http://www. p2pays. org/ref/01/00183. htm). Less use of automobiles, greater use of bicycles and more reliance on walking would also help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. There are other gases like nitrogen and oxygen that have little or no effect on greenhouse warming. We need to find ways to replace the dangerous fossil fuels with these less harmful gases instead. We should immediately start implementing alternative energy sources like solar power, hydropower, and wind power. These sources of energy do not add to global warming but are very expensive to implement today. When we entered the 20th century, the human race did not have the technology to greatly alter the delicate balance of our planet. During the 20th century the human race quickly developed technologies and industrial processes that began to affect the balance of our planet. The problems related to global warming, which we face at the start of the new millennium cannot be separated into compact, well defined groups. The issues we face today are not just increased carbon dioxide levels, deforestation, increased sea levels, or increased polar ice melting. These issues are all interrelated and global in nature. They are also not just problems of science, they are political, economical and cultural problems. Global warming will only became a political and cultural priority when people see it as a serious problem which is likely to affect them personally. We first need to be able to understand clearly the direct impacts which global warming will bring before we will begin to change our values and lifestyles to one based on sustainable development practices. Sacrifices will have to be made from our current high standards of living in industrialized countries. While there does not appear to be any agreement on the scope and timing of the effects of global warming, we as a civilization face an uncertain future if we do not change our ways. Bates writes, â€Å"we stand at the edge of an onrushing catastrophe† (Bates 190). The human race needs to collectively act to avoid a global crisis. We as humans have the ability to change and adapt to change around us and to decide what our life will be like. Governments of the world will need to work together to stop global warming. There is only one planet that we can live on right now, so we need to respect it and protect it. We must stop destroying our only home. Are we as Canadians prepared to make the sacrifices needed to change our attitudes about our high standard of living and the pursuit of personal wealth in order to save our planet?