Extemporaneous speech outline and speech with Cosplay as topic Essay

Specific Speech Purpose: To share to my audience about the cosplay scene in the Philippines and answer inquiries in their minds about cosplay. Statement: Cosplay’s popularity growth is fast and there are lot of questions in the mind of people about cosplay. It’s meaning and reason varies from person to person and there are negativities to it. Introduction Attention Step: â€Å"Cosplay. I know a lot of you have in mind, what is it with cosplay? What do people get from wearing costumes like this and cosplaying? Well, congratulations because today, I give you a mini-introduction to cosplaying which involves it’s meaning, reasons why we cosplay, and the negativities to it.† Clarification Step: â€Å"The reason I chose this topic is that if I have anything to talk about which I know so much about, it’s cosplaying. It’s something that everyone knows I do and something I’ll be confident enough to talk about. Now, if you’ll ask about the credibility of what I’m going to say, I’ve been cosplaying for 5 years and if that’s not long enough to know a lot about cosplaying, I don’t know what length will. As a proof, here’s a compilation of my past cosplays since the year 2008 up to present. But before I move on, I’d like to remind everyone that everything I’m about to say is purely based on my own opinions, observations, and perspective. â€Å" Body I. The meaning of cosplay varies from person to person. â€Å" Now, cosplay. What does it mean when you say cosplay? Well, the meaning of cosplay varies from person to person. Since the latest boom of cosplay , many people have had their own notion of what cosplay means. A. The literal meaning of cosplay is costume play. â€Å"But, its literal meaning is costume play, thus the term cosplay. It is the process of acting out your character and showing to people who it is. This maybe by posing, saying a few lines, doing a catwalk, and much more. Unfortunately, to those who are newly exposed to the hobby, they define cosplay as simply as wearing a costume and that’s it. Cosplay! What they didn’t know is that there is a term for that which cosplayers call ‘costrip’. So, there are common misconceptions about the difference between  cosplaying and costripping. In cosplay, since you act out the character, you do it in an event, competition, you join a contest, promote a booth, or program with a specific purpose. While costripping, basically from the word costume + trip but not strip, you just do it because you want to. When you go to a convention, you don’t exactly have to join these competitions, you may opt to stick outside wearing a costume til some people may just want to take a picture of you.† B. Some others perceive cosplay as â€Å"cost-play†. â€Å"Basically because it can be very costly and take up much of your money. A simple costume could range around 500php and those more intricate ones like these range around 20-30 thousand. Of course, that would include the labor and materials.† C. People may do cosplay for a cause thus the term â€Å"cause-play† â€Å"Lastly, some people thinks cosplayers cosplay for a cause thus they term it causeplay. Some events would use cosplay as their main attraction and use it to raise funds, or ask for donations for those that may need it.† II. People have various reasons why they cosplay. â€Å"Now, let’s try to answer some of those questions in mind. Why do people cosplay? What do they get from it? Well, here are the following reasons† A. It is an outlet or a channel of self expression especially for otakus to show their love for an anime, game, or whatever or whoever they are trying to portray. â€Å"First, it is an outlet or a channel of self expression especially for otakus to show their love for an anime, game, or whatever or whoever they are trying to portray. As for me, my love for anime started with the influence of my brother during our childhood which I carried on until I discovered the wonderful world of cosplay. By then, through cosplaying, I show my love for anime. B. Cosplaying gives them a sense of identity which in turn boosts up confidence and self-esteem. â€Å"Second, cosplaying gives a sense of identity. Back in high school, and until now, I’m known by my classmates and friends as the only one who cosplays in our class. Somehow it gives me the identity of â€Å"hey, she’s the cosplayer girl from this block† and it becomes a sort of label to me. And sometimes, this ‘label’ boost up my confidence and self esteem because of my uniqueness in  that way, knowing I can do stuffs people don’t normally do. C. Cosplay gives fun and excitement to people, making it become a hobby for some. â€Å"The third reason for cosplaying is that it gives fun and excitement to people, and some of them make it a hobby. Back at my first exposure to a cosplay convention, I was amazed at how the characters that I was just watching at tv, are actually in front of me in real life, I’m like â€Å"Woooaaahh cool!† and so I became interested in cosplaying. Plus, when you really like, or even love something, you really enjoy what you’re doing and you’re excited about it. D. Going to cosplay conventions or events becomes a form of relaxation and â€Å"detox† for them during their free time. â€Å"The fourth reason why some people cosplay or go to conventions is that it makes them feel relaxed, especially when they’re enjoying, and this somehow becomes their detox actvity during their free time. I mean, going out of those tiring school stuffs, or even work, because cosplay is not limited to teenagers only, and rather than staying home, they unstress themselves by going to events. E. The community serves as a way to meet new people, friends, or â€Å"that special someone†. â€Å"Fifth reason, it serves as a way to meet a lot of new people or friends, and sometimes, that special someone. This here, is loki heart, she has been cosplaying over 8 years now and she met her boyfriend through an online game and cosplay convention. Now, they’re married. Who knows? Maybe you could meet your special someone through cosplaying too. F. Some people cosplay for the prize they aim or for the benefit of it like as a source of income or for promotion, and sometimes, just forced to. â€Å"As of now, I don’t really cosplay anymore as a hobby. After several years of cosplaying, events began to seem all the same and boring to me plus I became busy at school works so I don’t really find that much time to cosplay anymore. Some people see me at conventions but that’s only because it’s my part time job wherein I promote the online game Dragon Nest through cosplaying. Having rakets like this or having your costumes rented out can be a good source of income or help for my financial needs as a student. Plus  it feels fulfilling since I don’t really ask money from my parents anymore for small expenses I can handle, in turn, I help them in that way, and also, myself.† There are many negative sides to cosplaying or its community. â€Å"But, If you think cosplaying is all fun and stuff, well you’re all wrong because there are negative sides to it too. A. A lot of people get criticized or bashed, especially when they act or look weird. â€Å"The main negativity to it is that a lot of people get criticized or bashed, especially when they act or look weird. People just always have something to say about other people. Some would criticize your costume for not being accurate, that it doesn’t fit you, laugh at you because you look stupid, or just basically because they hate you. Some would bash you because you cosplay a character you don’t know anything about. And some just, thinks you’re weird because it’s all something new or different for them. I dhad this experience once back in high school when my teacher saw me and told me in the exact manner I am going to do it now, ‘adrish, ang weird mo’, then i’m like, uuhh ok is that a compliment or not?, but thank u XD† B. Issues are everywhere, especially when you’re famous. â€Å"Next negativity is that issues are everywhere, especially when you’re famous. Here are pictures of people who have one thing in common. They’re famous, and often constantly given issues maybe because others are insecure about them or just couldn’t stand their presence.† C. Parents and some others think it’s a waste of money, time, and energy. â€Å"Third, One thing about parents, they want what’s best for their children. And that is in terms of studies or things they perceive as good. Other hobbies as costly as cosplaying would look like a waste of money and time to them, thinking that children devote their time to studies rather than these. D. There are people who will try to take advantage of you. â€Å"Lastly, there are always people who will try to take advantage of you. One thing female cosplayers would always be warned about are those pervert photographers who try to get the most out of you. If you know what I mean. Or people who would try to ask to take a pic with you, just to get the opportunity to hold you on the side, sometimes at the butt, or suddenly hug  you. Of course, you just have to be mindful and alert to these, and of course, speak out when you are being harassed.† Conclusion Summary Step: â€Å"Anyone can cosplay if they want to. You just have to put in mind the reason you are cosplaying or why you want to and stick to it. †

Different Factors That Influence Pollution Levels Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental issues have profound effects on the life conditions of people worldwide. The H2O deficit in many parts of the universe, cross-border pollution, and lifting sea degrees are merely a few of the challenges confronting our planetary population. What will go on to the Earth and its people, animate beings, workss, lands and oceans if we fail to successfully turn to the environmental issues we face today?Environmental Issues: A PollutionPollution can take many signifiers. The air we breathe, the H2O we drink, the land where we turn our nutrient, and even the increasing noise we hear every day-all contribute to wellness jobs and a lower quality of life. Find out about the environment issues of pollution, what ‘s being done on a planetary degree, and what you can make in your community.Q: What does the study say about the hazards of lifting sea degrees due to planetary heating?A: Sea degrees worldwide are expected to lift between 7 and 23 inches by 2100, and will go on to lift for at least the following 1,000 old ages. By comparing, planetary sea degrees rose 6 to 9 inches in the twentieth century, so the effects of planetary heating on sea degrees are clearly speed uping. Rising sea degrees will make 1000000s of environmental refugees as people are forced to go forth their places in coastal countries. Many states will be unequipped to get by with the moving ridges of immigrants looking for new places. Increased degrees of C dioxide in the ambiance will alter the pH balance of saltwater, doing it somewhat more acidic. Although the oceans will stay alkalic, marine life scientists predict that a displacement toward greater sourness could endanger the endurance of coral reefs and plankton-an indispensable and cardinal nexus in the marine nutrient concatenation. Even a moderate addition in the physique up of nursery gases in the ambiance could easy force norm planetary temperatures to degrees last seen 125,000 old ages ago during a warm period between two ice ages. At that clip, sea degrees were 12 to 20 pess higher than they are today. Much of the H2O from that earlier period is now frozen in Greenland and Antarctica, but many of those ice Fieldss are get downing to run. Because scientists are non certain how rapidly polar ice will run, the estimations of sea degree additions in the study are based on how much heating oceans will spread out and make non take into history anticipated overflow from runing ice on land in Greenland and the polar parts. Burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasolene raises the degree of C dioxide in the ambiance, and C dioxide is a major subscriber to the nursery consequence and planetary heating. You can assist to cut down the demand for fossil fuels, which in bend reduces planetary heating, by utilizing energy more sagely. Here are 10 simple actions you can take to assist cut down planetary heating.1. Reduce, Reuse, RecycleMake your portion to cut down waste by taking reclaimable merchandises alternatively of disposables. Buying merchandises with minimum packaging ( including the economic system size when that makes sense for you ) will assist to cut down waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminium tins. If there is n't a recycling plan at your workplace, school, or in your community, inquire about get downing one. By recycling half of your family waste, you can salvage 2,400 lbs of C dioxide yearly.2. Use Less Heat and Air ConditioningAdding insularity to your walls and Attic, and put ining conditions denudation or calking around doors and Windowss can take down your warming costs more than 25 per centum, by cut downing the sum of ene rgy you need to heat and chill your place. Turn down the heat while you ‘re kiping at dark or off during the twenty-four hours, and maintain temperatures chair at all times. Puting your thermoregulator merely 2 grades lower in winter and higher in summer could salvage about 2,000 lbs of C dioxide each twelvemonth.3. Change a Light BulbWherever practical, replace regular visible radiation bulbs with compact fluorescent visible radiation ( CFL ) bulbs. Replacing merely one 60-watt incandescent visible radiation bulb with a CFL will salvage you $ 30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs besides last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, utilize two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 per centum less heat. If every U.S. household replaced one regular visible radiation bulb with a CFL, it would extinguish 90 billion lbs of nursery gases, the same as taking 7.5 million autos off the route.4. Drive Less and Drive SmartLess driving agencies fewer emanations. Besides salvaging gasolene, walking and bicycling are great signifiers of exercising. Research your community mass theodolite system, and look into out options for carpooling to work or school. When you do drive, do certain your auto is running expeditiously. For illustration, maintaining your tyres decently inflated can better your gas milage by more than 3 per centum. Every gallon of gas you save non merely helps your budget, it besides keeps 20 lbs of C dioxide out of the ambiance.5. Buy Energy-Efficient MerchandisesWhen it ‘s clip to purchase a new auto, choose one that offers good gas milage. Home contraptions now come in a scope of energy-efficient theoretical accounts, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to supply more natural-looking visible radiation while utilizing far less energy than standard visible radiation bulbs. Avoid merchandises that come with extra packaging, particularly molded plastic and other packaging that ca n't be recycled. If you cut down your family refuse by 10 per centum, you can salvage 1,200 lbs of C dioxide yearly.6. Use Less Hot WaterPut your H2O warmer at 120 grades to salvage energy, and wrap it in an insulating cover if it is more than 5 old ages old. Buy low-flow showerheads to salvage hot H2O and about 350 lbs of C dioxide annually. Wash your apparels in warm or cold H2O to cut down your usage of hot H2O and the energy required to bring forth it. That alteration entirely can salvage at least 500 lbs of C dioxide yearly in most families. Use the energy-saving scenes on your dish washer and allow the dishes air-dry.7. Use the â€Å" Off † SwitchSave electricity and cut down planetary heating by turning off visible radiations when you leave a room, and utilizing merely every bit much visible radiation as you need. And retrieve to turn off your telecasting, picture participant, stereo and computing machine when you ‘re non utilizing them. It ‘s besides a good thought to turn off the H2O when you ‘re non utilizing it. While brushing your dentitions, shampooing the Canis familiaris or rinsing your auto, turn off the H2O until you really necessitate it for rinsing. You ‘ll cut down your H2O measure and aid to conserve a critical resource.8. Plant a TreeIf you have the agencies to works a tree, get down delving. During photosynthesis, trees and other workss absorb C dioxide and give off O. They are an built-in portion of the natural atmospheric exchange rhythm here on Earth, but there are excessively few of them to to the full counter the additions in C dioxide caused by car traffic, fabrication and other human activities. A individual tree will absorb about one ton of C dioxide during its life-time.9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility CompanyMany public-service corporation companies provide free place energy audits to assist consumers place countries in their places that may non be energy efficient. I n add-on, many public-service corporation companies offer rebate plans to assist pay for the cost of energy-efficient ascents.10. Promote Others to ConserveShare information about recycling and energy preservation with your friends, neighbours and colleagues, and take chances to promote public functionaries to set up plans and policies that are good for the environment. These 10 stairss will take you a long manner toward cut downing your energy usage and your monthly budget. And less energy usage means less dependance on the fossil fuels that create nursery gases and contribute to planetary heating. hypertext transfer protocol: //environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/tp/globalwarmtips.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //housewares.about.com/od/homeessentials/a/recycling.htm Our landfills are roll uping waste at a rate of 2 to 5 pound of rubbish per individual per twenty-four hours. Over our life-time, the sum would be reeling. But we can assist to cut down this waste by recycling and recycling certain points. It ‘s a really little, virtually no-cost manner of making our portion and assisting our environment. Take a twenty-four hours and truly look at what you throw out. You will be amazed at what could be recycled or reused. A big plastic liquid detergent container can be rapidly customized for a ready to hand scoop for bird seed ; a 2-litre/quart plastic sodium carbonate bottle can be fashioned into a bird feeder ; empty egg cartons can be given to a local farm to recycle ; and the community nutrient bank would likely love to take those fictile food market bags off your custodies. Returnable bottles or Sns can be redeemed, in fact many non-profit groups fund certain activities through bottling thrusts. Caning jars can be reused with new sealing palpebras. These are merely a few thoughts on how to cut down waste, I ‘m certain you ‘ll come up with many of your ain.Geting Started – What to RecycleGeting a family recycling plan started is easy and it ‘s a good household undertaking. After all, we can get down now to develop the following coevals to appreciate and care for their environment. First, you should ask about recycling in your community: Should recycling be left at the kerb or taken to a terminal? What points are recycled? How should it be packaged. Make you necessitate ‘blue ‘ boxes or can you utilize your ain bins? In how much item are points sorted. Yup, I did state item! I was amazed at how refined this procedure is in certain communities, and I did ab initio resist at the thought of disbursement clip screening. But I have since reconsidered – protecting my environment is good deserving it. And a good organized bin system in your place or garage will do screening speedy and easy. For case, in some metropoliss, plastics and glass must be sorted by the figure size that is marked inside a trigon on the bottom of the container. Of class, really old glass does non hold any such markers and may be in a general glass class. Glass or fictile bottles may necessitate to hold the metal lids removed. Newspapers may necessitate to be bundled in a certain manner, and sodium carbonate tins may necessitate to be separate from nutrient Sns. Understanding the inside informations and screening instantly, will enable you to recycle more expeditiously and present your ‘goods ‘ to the terminal or kerb ready for processing. For now, we ‘ll presume item is limited to certain types of waste and we ‘ll acquire started with a few rudimentss.Capacity & A ; ConveniencePuting up an equal bin system is cardinal to pull offing your plan in a clip efficient mode. If you require bluish boxes, these may be available through your terminal, or can be purchased in changing sizes from many section shops. If bluish is non a demand, any size plastic bin, wastepaper basket or receptacle can be utilized. Here are some general tips to see: For documents and newspapers – usage a bin that is the right size to put documents level, doing it easier to roll up subsequently. Bins that have hinged or flapstyle palpebras provide easy one-handed disposal of Sns. Composting bins should hold a secure palpebra to cut down the hazard of unpleasant olfactory properties and prevent critter entry, and should be handily sized for turn uping close to your kitchen country. Bins should be adequately sized to manage your waste merchandises harmonizing to how frequently you will be disposing of it. Containers that are uneccessarily big will necessitate infinite that you could utilize for something else. Plastic is more lasting than composition board and you can rinse them as required.OrganizationDelegate a bin to each category of waste with consideration given to screening item and capacity, and grouping them together ( except for compost ) will increase screening efficiency. Keep them in a ready to hand location. The following are a few general categories of recycling waste: Glass Tins/Cans Papers/Newspapers Compost Cardboard PlasticsGeneral Recycling TipsComposting is for your ain benefit – to enrich your dirt and supply a rich mulch for your gardens. You can compost most nutrients such as vegetable and fruit desquamations, fish discards and other nutrient garbages, with the exclusion of meat, domestic fowl, gravy, lubricating oil or oils, unless you are utilizing a specially formulated composting bin for all nutrients. Compost should be transfered daily to the outside composting heap or bin to cut down the presence of unpleasant olfactory properties in your place. Tins and soda dad tins should be washed, flattened or crushed with an economical wall-mounted can crusher. Washing nutrient or drink Sns will cut down the hazard of unwanted plagues. Cardboard boxes and dry nutrient boxes should besides be flattened. These are merely the rudimentss, you can construct your recycling plan to accommodate your life style and demands. Recycling helps us look at what we consume, how to cut down the waste we generate and what we can recycle. A little ‘back to the hereafter ‘ investing with considerable ‘green ‘ environmental benefits.

Effects of Divorce Essay

Divorce can be defined as the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between married couples (Wikipedia, 2013). Divorce affects the couple and children (if any). The divorce is the most serious social problem that affects almost the entire life of the children and the couple, it also makes troubles like: sadness, despair, and unforgettable moments (Williams, 2013). In this paper, I will be discussing the factors contributing to divorce in Canada and will also explain certain statistics used as well. The methodologies that I will be using are both the qualitative and quantitative approach. The reasons I am using both of them are because by using the quantitative research, I will develop mathematical hypotheses pertaining to the phenomena. Also to analyze this topic with the use of statistics to make it somewhat accurate, while for quantitative; because it will explain in word data about my information. I strongly believe that these two forms of methodology will properly explain the factors contributing to divorce. The history of the legalization of divorce in Canada predates that of its colonial overseer, England, where it was only in 1857 that divorce was legislated, mainly on grounds of adultery. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island respectively enacted divorce laws in 1761, 1791, and 1837, generally on grounds of adultery (Wu & Schimmele, 2009). It was not until 1968 that Canada enacted its first unified Federal Divorce Act, which was followed by the more liberal or no fault act of 1985 and it was mentioned that the sole reason for divorce is marriage breakdown, which is defined as either living apart for at least one year, or committing adultery, or treating the other spouse with physical or mental cruelty. Though divorce rates have not increased recently in Canada, the number of divorced persons is however increasing with population growth. In 2007, there were 972,183 divorced women and 712,531 divorced men in the population (Statistics Canada, 2007). The difference betwee n the men and women is because divorced men re-partner faster and more than women and also because women live longer than men.

Power Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power - Term Paper Example Individual viewMany people view power from a negative perspective while very few individuals view power from a positive perspective. According to Elizabeth Laneway, she claims that we are put off by power because we embrace fear and we think that we do not have the capacity to work with responsibilities associated with power. The famous phrase about power by Lord Action that, power corrupts but absolute power corrupts absolutely has made many individuals to view power as a practice associated with social ills to the community. The fear enacted from power makes many people to remain isolated making thing they can change that are within their capacity to remain unchanged. This is because we fear responsibilities that are associated with power and hence give a chance to other people to make decisions rather that getting involved with that power so as to solve problem surrounding us.Power is a commodity that is dormant in each and every individual until one decides to exploit the potenti al and put it into action. Every individual has got the capacity to assimilate others hence effecting changes in communities hence providing long term solutions to community problems.Philosophers and theologians view Philosophers and theologians have a different view about power. They have intensified their research in trying to determine the concept of power and trying to bring out the real explanation pertaining power. They consider power to be a neutral term being neither good nor bad until it is applied to human acts.

Social Network and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Network and Religion - Essay Example Nowadays, Social Networking Service (SNS) has become the most powerful communication technology in addition to being the fastest medium to use especially when people want to share their life stories. Specifically, Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat are the most powerful social networking services that influence a larger number of users in the United States. Before the Internet was invented, television and radio were the major communication technologies in terms of mass media that were intended to reach a large number of audiences. People who could not attend the church on Sunday used to take advantage by watching TV and listening radio. However, the overall use of the word â€Å"media,† has declined because of a new idea of mass media. This new media has been defined as being associated with the Internet and interplays amongst technology, sound, and images like YouTube that shows visual test with sound in the online world. While at the same time, the definition of new media chang es consistently and therefore, is a mixture concept of both new and mass media, which is SNS, and has an enormous impact on our religious society and culture. On the other hand, these new communication technology services may sound useful but nevertheless have a dangerous effect on the religious aspect like bittersweet. Everyone can be an evangelist through an activity of SNS. For instance, people can share their personal story or even anything that is associated with the religion anytime immediately. In case of Facebook, users can interact with others simply by pressing â€Å"like† or sharing someone’s post, which is one click away communication. Through SNS activity; people who are in religion have a regressive aspect that they are more likely to overlook the real religious activity. In Latin phrase, â€Å"extra Ecclesiamnullasalus† means there is no salvation outside

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee Relations - Essay Example Employee involvement as well as participation is measured to be equally significant for the reason of attaining organisational objectives along with ensuring the effectual functioning of the organisations (Light, 2004). Human capital has been considered to be an imperative asset since long for every kind of organisations. All the other existing resources are made use of and dealt by the human resources itself. It is in this context that it becomes essential to achieve the involvement and participation of the employed human resources with regard to every sphere of work so as to ensure enhancement in their respective performance as well as attaining satisfaction. The present business environment is considered to be quite competitive as well as turbulent which makes it mandatory for organisations to look for various ways to attain increased adaptability, flexibility and competitiveness (Light, 2004). The research study would aim to provide a lucid understanding regarding the aspects of employee involvement and employee participation along with vividly identifying their key differences. Understanding the Aspect of Employee Relations The aspect of employee relation is perceived as strategic with regard t o the management of the business risk associated with organisations. Employers are learnt to make use of the proficiencies and potentials linked with employee relations. These mentioned proficiencies as well as abilities are regarded by the employers or the organisations to be vital for attaining performance specifications with the help of concentrating on employee participation as well as involvement. The employee relations are supposed to be strategic with regard to the management of business perils that exists both upside and downside risks. Notably, the upside risk refers to the disappointment regarding the failure of displaying or attaining utmost business performance. The downside risk refers to the nonconformity with the rules as well as regulations related to employment (Williams & Smith, 2010). In this regards, Human Resource Management (HRM) is learnt to emphasise on the ways organisations build and encourage employees to attain the superior specifications related to perfo rmance that is considered and believed to be essentially imperative in the present competitive environment. Employee relations can therefore, be stated as the emphasis that is exerted on the broader associations existing among the employer and the employees (Dicker, 2003). Superior degree of employee relations is believed to be the primary essential condition that is required to attain success by the organisations. The methods related to the facet of employee involvement are believed to prove helpful in circumstances where the employees and the management maintain flexibility in their respective behaviour as well as attitudes. It is believed to trigger employee participation accompanied with employee encouragement with the help of mutual agreement. Therefore, it can be deduced from the stated explanation that with the intention to ensure superior and successful employee relations, there need to pertain an environment of dependency and belief (Gennard & Judge, 2005). Concept of Emplo yee Involvement Employee involvement refers to the assortment or series of processes that are devised so as to employ the comprehension, encouragement and the best possible contribution of every individual

Ayurvedic Medicine Used as Alternative Therapy in Modern Medicine Essay

Ayurvedic Medicine Used as Alternative Therapy in Modern Medicine - Essay Example This was traditional medicine to treat fever, cough and diarrhea. People were encouraged to suppress natural urges which was considered as unhealthy by moderating the amount and quantity of food intake, sleep and sexual intercourses to ensure healthy body at all times. Gregory (2004) states that alternative medicine refers to treatment of diseases using methods such as massage therapy or herbal use. This practice is being highly appreciated by learning institutions who teach about it. Importance Frawley and Ranade (2001) states that herbal method as one of the alternative method has been well embraced by many communities in the world hence rendering the use of Ayurvedic medicine easy and of great importance. People consider this method efficient since it is less costly and also has few side effects. This method also have seem to treat a variety of diseases which lead people to prefer using it since he will only require one drug to heal so many diseases. This alternative is readily av ailable since most of these herbs are found free of charge in the forests and other bushy areas within the society. This method has been considered to be less demanding because it does not require highly qualified personnel to administer the medicine. This method is also effective since it is not selective with the age bracket hence can be used by all people within the community. Unlike the artificial drugs these medicines do not lead to very adverse side effects. It does not have the time limits hence one can use it as long as he wants. This therapeutic method is easily acceptable to be used by people because it is mostly orally administered which is the most preferred method. This method can not react while using other methods hence gives it another advantage of it to be considered above the other method. This method is reliable since one can get it from various places. Frawley and Ranade (2001) argues that this method is used even by the illiterate people in the society since the instructions given are clear and simple to be understood hence very low cases of overdosing. Since this method is given by people who are locals in the community the patients respect the instructions given no deviations since there is sense of belonging. At times there is reinforcement of this method by the religious people and other important people in the society hence the patients look forward to embrace this method to the fullest. Lad (2012) says that Ayurvedic medicine does not demand one to go to hospital for the treatment he can get the treatment while at home. Diagnosis According to Lad (2012) the patient who was recommended for use of this drug was to be carefully examined and undergo through various diagnosis procedures using all body senses by the health profession administering the drug; since each component of the body had the ability to influence others either negatively or positively. This aspect was to be carefully considered during the drug diagnosis and therapy. V arious things were to be checked such as the body composition, any disorder, body stability and all other body systemic functions. The systemic composition and functioning was checked so that to prevent any adverse side effect that would arise while on medication. The body was to be considered compatible to the drug for one to be in a position to use the drug. There were various criteria that were

Overview and Objectives of the Network Technology Term Paper

Overview and Objectives of the Network Technology - Term Paper Example The researcher of this term paper presents a study of networks, that is a key part of the training that professionals using IT infrastructure need. This paper relates to the proposed adoption of a new low cost internet based network to help my organization save on network administration costs. There are many internet applications available to organizations that can help build reliable networks. However, there is need for careful analysis of the benefits and the costs of adopting such systems. The major IT applications at the researcher's organization include logging in of patient details, keeping track of the treatment process and recording of prescriptions. In addition, the organization generates and stores data relating to availability of drugs and vendor information. IT also provides support for the billing and accounts department, and is the means through which the other management functions take place. For instance, the management communicates to all members of staff via email g enerated and distributed through the existing network. All these services run from a variety of platforms, some of which are quite expensive to maintain. The proposed low cost network, that is described in this essay and has a very simple design, that may help to reduce the costs the organization incurs in software development and maintenance. Laudon and Laudon point out that â€Å"many business applications are now delivered online as an internet service, rather than as boxed software or custom systems†.

Domestic Terrorism in the United States Research Paper

Domestic Terrorism in the United States - Research Paper Example of Muslims in the United States, in their establishment of numerous mosques and religious schools across the country, and in their extremist attacks against Americans. There appears to be a general impression among the public that the American security system worked efficiently in thwarting recent terrorist attacks such as the bombing plots at Times Square, in a flight over Detroit, and during a Christmas tree lighting ceremony at Portland, Oregon (Stakelbeck 106). However, these were isolated plots that failed anyway, and were not saved by the intervention of security agencies. Similar to Stakelbeck’s views in his book The Terrorist Next Door: How the Government is Deceiving You About the Islamist Threat, 2011, Catherine Herridge, a television journalist, writes in her book The Next Wave: On the Hunt for Al Qaeda’s American Recruits, 2012, of the increasing possibilities of having Islamic terrorists for neighbors. She adds that the lax attitude of the American government towards recruiting Islamist sympathizers in the workforces has resulted in several attacks from within organizations. For example, a U.S. Army Major Nidal Malik Hasan gunned down forty-five people including 12 soldiers, and an airport shuttle bus driver plotted a subway slaughter. Home-grown terrorists born and raised in the United States have posed a great threat in the recent past and will continue to be an ominous, concealed danger in the future. They cannot be identified because they appear American in every way, have clean records, American passports, â€Å"and mass murd er in their hearts† (Herridge, 2012). The Pew Research Center Report, (PRC, 2011), forecasts that America’s Muslim population will triple in number, from 2.6 million to 6.2 million in 2030. For ensuring the spread of Islam, American Muslims are engaged in a campaign of mosque-building across the country, â€Å"including in the very heart of the Bible belt† (Stakelbeck 6). Today there are over 2000 mosques and innumerable Islamic schools, where the teaching of extremist Islamic ideologies are carried out.

Case Study Analysis of Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values

Analysis of Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations - Case Study Example It is essential to frame living real values that would contribute to shaping the culture of an organization. There again has to be a uniformity in accepting the values by the people in the organization as the presence of different value system within the organization can create behavioral conflict between individuals (The Value of Organizational Values, n.d). The paper attempts to compare ethical issues with respect to profit and non profit organization. Every business organization needs to have some values and principles that would be the guiding principles while deciding on their strategies and morality of business work. Business can be from a profit making or nonprofit making organization. Both of these types of organizations can have certain ethical values that should be implemented to both its employees and the organization as a whole. Absence of ethical values can make the employees develop inappropriate thoughts and ideas and lead to fraud and corruption in the organization. W hile considering ethics in the organization there are two dimensions of approaching it (Brown, 2010). One is individualistic and the other is communal. Every dimension deals with different type of moral responsibility. In case of individual approach every person in the organization is responsible for his own behavior within the organization and so any change required in the behavior should be directed toward the person solely. In the communal approach every individual is considered to be part of a community and does not have any individual identity and every individual is responsible to some extent for the behavior of the others. If any changes are to be made in terms of the behavior it is to be directed towards the community as a whole. For this the behavior of the employees must be adjusted with the organizational culture. Influence of ethics in an organization Value and ethics of a particular organization can affect the four components of the structure of an organization. These f our processes are – organizational structure, organizational process, ways of interaction among the employees and lastly the outcomes or results of the previous factors (The Broad Baker Group Ltd, n.d). Values go a long way towards deciding the culture and style of an organization. It becomes essential to have a smooth culture as it affects the behavior of the other stakeholders like the suppliers and customers in the organization. A model based on integrity, humility and compassion can help organizations in establishing their ethical standards (The Broad Baker Group Ltd, n.d). There are a few differences between profit making and nonprofit making organization in terms of the values and ethical behaviors of its employees. This arises because the basic structure of serving people with different purposes is different for the two organizations. Comparison between For-Profit making and Not-For-profit making organization - a personal perspective Over the past few years a lot of ch anges are happening within organizations in terms of setting their values and ethical standards. This can be both in the context of an individual or an entire organization. According to my personal perspective, every organization should have standards regarding their business values and ethics. For that the management must develop clear views of what it wishes to achieve and what it should avoid doing. This is to be decided before setting their objectives

Exponential Decay of a Transition Metal Complex Ion Lab Report

Exponential Decay of a Transition Metal Complex Ion - Lab Report Example It has shown that the rate of alpha, beta, and electron capture decays all depend on temperature and whether they are placed in an insulating or a conducting material. Thats exciting because it raises the possibility of treating radioactive waste products. But it also raises a problem for particle physicists whose entire standard model assumes that decay rates cannot be influenced by external factors. The two are unrelated, so no there is no relationship between the two properties. I dont think temperature has anything to do with the nucleonic states, only the kinetic energy of the electrons in a solid. So temperature should have no effect on half life. In fact, temperature and chemical changes have no effect on the decay of nuclides. The only way to change the half life is to move it at relativistic speeds and then it becomes a matter of which reference frame you measure it in. In fact for the frame at rest with the nuclide there is no change in half life at relativistic

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management Essay Contemporary organizations are more focused on improving its organizational culture and work arrangement structure to gain competitive advantage in rapidly changing business markets. Change management is a biggest concern for contemporary firms to effectively manage its operations. Basis of success classified on human resource capital involvement in business decision making provide an opportunity to organization to move away from traditional practices of human resource towards employee equity participation in setting and achieving organization goals. Human resource management has undergone many changes in last few decades to improve the functionality of business processes; stabilizing the corporate culture and identifying the opportunity factors which enables organization to grow based on its human resource competency and skills. Traditionally, human resource was concern with only recruiting the employees as per the job demands and requirement. This restricted the HRM only to selective portion of organization processes management. Conversely, in last few decades when information technology has unfold great revolution pertaining to business industries HRM role has been reshaped concerning towards management of organizational culture and goals by involvement of employees. It now is not limited to recruitment and selection of employees but also place emphasis on training and development, managing employee communication, addressing ways to stabilize the organization culture, identifying the factors for growth of organization in changing market conditions, and is also providing solutions to human resource capital management and forming a policy structure to regulate and encourage employee participation in consideration with organization commitment and employee performance related factors management. Strategic operations of HR has enabled the organizations to set higher level of objectives and expand its operations successfully in international markets; devising new structures related to management hierarchy and work arrangement, such as management by objective structure formation as per contemporary need of flexible and rapidly changing business environment. HR roles in technologically integrated business markets has been shifted towards higher concentration work activities for employee management and effective organizational culture establishment; this enabled the organization to focus on employee involvement in business decision and setting of corporate culture consider employees as capital asset to organization. In general terms, HRM is expanding its capacity for organization development by effective utilization of employees’ skills. Persistent to objective of organization strengthening HR roles now require active concentration by management on employee empowerment issues that address decision making, hierarchy, information communication, employee appraisal for compensation and rewards, and employee involvement in goal setting based on equity based approach that also involve workplace diversity and managing cross-cultural business operations. HR practices now address many managing issues of organization for employee and organizational culture management. In order to reduce the cost, many private specialized institutions appeared in the industry that provided an opportunity to organizations for outsourcing HR administration activities, decreasing the overall cost. There are many HR practices which are being outsourced such as recruitment and selection, employee training and development, HR payroll, and HR legal work. Since organizations are diverting its human capital assets management to outsourcing organization therefore, duplication of activities can be avoided. HR outsourcing services helps in considerable cutting in cost while reduction in time for activities management. Integration of technology in HR practices provided extreme time saving measures as e-HR software can now perform many HR management activities such as employee information and data record management, provide payroll solution, helps conduct appraisal on online user interface, proper communication between inter-departments of an organization due to secured network. This helps organizations to move towards shared service centers for its corporate services; many firms have been utilizing shared service centre as a channel to manage its call centre operations by giving access to selective portion in e-HR related to purpose of service being outsourced. Establishment of shared service center is a demanding challenge for organizations as it needs to focus on normalizing the HR practices by addressing HR processes routine in nature. Shared service centre are more customer focused and receptive to contemporary business demand thus enabling firms to lower their operational cost for routine HR activities by involving shared service centre in developing and managing the controlled HR practices. This offers conglomerate advantages to firms due to increased performance and successful accomplishment of organizational goals even at international level operations. Strategically assessing the contemporary HR expose the potential challenges handling ability enabling the organization to diverge its attention on core processes related to human skills deployment at places demanding higher performance. Objective based strategic HR role through amendment in policy structure is giving autonomy to employee in work setting and goal accomplishment strategy formulation; protecting the shared values of organization culture and enabling the higher involvement of employees in business decision. Focus on rewards and compensation packages as factors to enhance employee motivation and organization commitment provides opportunity to attain higher level of employee performance and get positive results irrespective of organizational environment challenges. Globalization has created a dramatic change in the organizational structure and operational flow of business information. Human resource now focus on strategic components of employee performance in various dimension that offer unique advantages to firms in competitive market situations and enable organizations to manage its operations while maintaining discipline in organizational culture. International expansion of business requires addressing various components that form the basis of success in competitive markets for an organization through effectively utilizing human resource skills.

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Student Name ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­: Elizabeth (Beth) Andrews Brief Patient History including medical diagnosis and summary of assessment findings: The patient is a 59 year old female, widowed, who entered the Braintree Rehabilitation Center for transitional care after left knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. She has a history of COPD; obstructive sleep apnea; spinal stenosis; degenerative joint disease; depression; obesity; fibromyalgia; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; lymphedema; tachycardia; and idiopathic tremors. She experienced a pulmonary embolism in 2009. The total knee replacement (TKR) was conducted at Metrowest/Leonard Morse Hospital on 5/21/12. The patient was transferred to Braintree Rehabilitation Center on 5/24/12. She had difficulty emerging from anesthesia and experienced urinary retention. She subsequently emerged from anesthesia and the urinary retention resolved. A neurological consult was ordered to assess the patient’s difficulty emerging from anesthesia; no source of this difficulty was identified during examination. The consultation suggested that her lethargy might be attributable to oxycodone (patient is allergic to milnapricine and several other drugs) which the patient takes for ongoing pain and fibromyalgia. The patient has otherwise experienced good recovery with physical therapy 1-2 hours per day/5 days per week. She continues to experience edema of the left operative extremity; no thromboembolus was identified and her physician ordered an additional diuretic. Her incision was healing well with no local swelling, warmth, or exudates and the wound erythema was receding from the marking drawn around the incision. Staples remained intake. The patient is a former smoker with COPD; she quit smoking just prior to the current surgery and seems to be managing this well. She is obese and indicates that she struggles with this and is aware of the relationship of her obesity to her osteoarthritis and current procedure as well as to other current and potential diagnoses. Her past medical history is noteworthy for fibromyalgia from which the patient experiences considerable disability. She associates the onset of fibromyalgia subsequent to being involved in a physically and emotionally abusive intimate adult relationship and to self-described post traumatic stress disorder relative to childhood sexual abuse. In addition, her past medical history is noteworthy for obstructive sleep apnea; patient uses a CPAP. The patient is widowed and lives alone in Natick. She has four children who live locally and whom she indicates are very supportive. One son comes to her home everyday to cook her dinner. The patient does not cook for herself and is maintained during the day with tea until her son comes to make her dinner. The patient is very focused on understanding and accessing information about her conditions/diagnoses and treatments. When I first met her, she was reviewing information provided to her by the transitional care unit pertaining to difficulties in emerging from anesthesia and about her medications. The patient’s life appears to revolve around her illnesses and conditions; she describes herself as a multiply disabled person. She does not leave her home very much except to attend medical appointments and is highly dependent upon her family for her needs and care. The patient reports that depression is a significant factor in her life related to prior physical, emotional and sexu al abuse and to her general state of disability. The patient is noteworthy for high level of health seeking behavior and a high degree of medicalization. According to the patient, her home is outfitted with multiple assistive devices which include a CPAP, a walker, a cane, an electronic chair to take her upstairs and a bidette to help her with personal hygiene. In spite of her many disabilities, the patient is progressing well and will be discharged in about a week. Additional Nursing Diagnosis without Care Planning Specification Activity Intolerance Acute Pain Anxiety Chronic Low Self Esteem Chronic Pain Deficient Diversional Activity Depression Disturbed Body Image Disturbed Sleep Pattern Disuse Syndrome Fatigue Health Seeking Behaviors Hopelessness Imbalanced Mobility: Greater than Body Requirements Impaired Bed Mobility Impaired Comfort Impaired Communication Impaired Gas Exchange Impaired Individual Resilience Impaired Physical Mobility Impaired Social Isolation Impaired Transfer Ability Impaired Walking Ineffective Activity Planning Ineffective Breathing Pattern Ineffective Coping Post Trauma Syndrome Powerlessness Readiness for Additional Health Seeking Behavior Risk for Cardiac/Vascular Complications Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Risk for Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk for Complications of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Risk for Constipation Risk for Falls Risk for Hypothermia Risk for Impaired Cellular Regulation Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Risk for Ineffective Respiratory Function Risk for Infection Risk for Injury Risk for Loneliness Risk for peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction Sedentary Lifestyle Self Care Deficit NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis I Impaired Physical Mobility Clients Medical Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, spinal stenosis, status post total left knee replacement, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, lymphedema, tachycardia, idiopathic tremors Definition : â€Å"A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or one or more extremities† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 548). Defining Characteristics : â€Å" Decreased reaction time; difficulty turning; engages in substitutions for movement (e.g., increased attention to other’s activity, controlling behavior, focus on pre-illness disability/activity; exertional dypsnea; gait changes, jerky movements; limited ability to perform gross motor skills; limited ability to perform fine motor skills; limited range of motion; movement-induced tremor; postural instability; slowed movement; uncoordinated movements† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). Related Factors â€Å"Activity intolerance; altered cellular metabolism; anxiety; body mass index above 75th age-appropriate percentile; cognitive impairment; contractures; cultural beliefs regarding age-appropriate activity; deconditioning; decreased endurance; depressive mood; decreased muscle control; decreased muscle mass; decreased muscle strength; deficient knowledge regarding value of physical activity; developmental delay; discomfort; disuse; joint stiffness; lack of environmental supports (e.g., physical or social); limited cardiovascular endurance; loss of integrity of bone structures; malnutrition; medications; musculoskeletal impairment; neuromuscular impairment; pain; prescribed movement restrictions: reluctance to initiate movement; sedentary lifestyle; sensoriperceptual impairments† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). â€Å"Suggested functional level classifications include the following: 0-Completely independent 1-Requires use of equipment or device 2-Requires help from another person for assistance, supervision or teaching 3-Requires help from another person and equipment device 4-Dependent (does not participate in activity)† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549) Instructions for Student In the space below, enter the subjective and objective data gathered during your client assessment. A S S E S S M E N T Subjective Data Entry Patient reported pain of â€Å"4†related to current acute pain â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† for chronic pain at home prior to admission based on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Patient reported that she uses assistive devices at home: walker, cane, electronic chair for climbing stairs while seated, bidette to assist with personal care; CPAP for sleep Patient reported that she engages in little social activity when at home, going out only for medical appointments Patient reported that she often sleeps during the day and has difficulty sleeping at night Patient reported that she is frequently fatigued and that movement around the home is difficult even with assistive devices Patient reported that chronic pain is related to osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia Patient reported that she is dependent upon family member for meals Patient reported that she is able to manage some dressing and bathing, but is dependent upon bidette for some of her perianal care Patient self-reports depression, PTSD, and fibromyalgia related to past physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to current status of general disability Objective Data Entry Vital signs: Temp: Oral 97.3, HR, 105, Respirations, 20, BP: r: 121/75; L 123/79 Pulses: Radial 105, L and R pedal pulses present Height: 4 ft 11 inches Weight 259 lbs Cognition: Alert and Oriented to person place and time X3 Affect: Pleasant, conversant, but subject to inattention due to dozing during conversation Integumentary: Hair: clean, gray color, neat haircut, no lesions on scalp Nasal: moist, pink Oral: mucosa : moist, pink, tongue: moist, pink, no oral lesions. Skin Color: Pink Skin: Color: pink Temp: warm to touch Texture: smooth Moisture/Hydration: moist, turgor positive at sternum Breakdown: the only current manifestation of breakdown is skin rashes in groin area and under breasts. Operative incision is erythmetous, but erythema is receding as evidenced by line drawn around erythema. No swelling, warmth or exudate at the operative incision Respiratory: Respirations: 20, depth even and rhythm even, O2 saturation 94% at rest on room air. Observed patient fatigue upon walking a short distance from bed to bathroom, Cardiovascular:Apical Pulse: 105; Rhythm: regular; Radial pulses: left and right present Pedal Pulses: left and right present Capillary refill observed L X 5 fingers and R X 5 fingers; L X 5 toes and R X 5 toes Musculoskeletal: poor mobility. Left hand slightly weaker than right; tremors appeared in left when squeezing fingers General: Patient experiences generalized pain chronically and current acute pain at operative site. Patient used ice pack and lidocaine strips to moderate localized pain (in addition to pain medications). Patient experiences chronic sleep disturbances, in particular, chronic obstructive sleep disorder. Sleep is only moderately relieved by use of CPAP Objective evidence includes patient frequent dozing during interview. Patient is obese: weight 259 lbs/height 4 feet, 11 inches BMI 52.3 Evaluate Student Instructions: To be sure your client diagnostic statement written below is accurate you need to review the defining characteristics and related factors associated with the nursing diagnosis and see how your client data match. Do you have an accurate match or are additional data required, or does another nursing diagnosis need to be investigated? D I A G N O S I S Diagnostic Statement Nursing Diagnosis (specify) Impaired Physical Mobility (Carpenito-Moyet , 2010, p. 285) related to pain, fatigue, obesity and sleep disturbances as evidenced by patient fatigue upon walking a short distance, patient report of limited mobility, patient dozing during interview, patient pain reports of â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† , patient BMI 52.3 P L A N N I N G Desired Outcome The Client will: and Client Criteria: Reduce weight by 20% after one year compared to baseline of 259 lbs Reduce feelings of depression by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Improve mobility by 20% after one year compared to baseline determined by physical therapist assessment Reduce pain by 50% after one year compared to baseline of â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0†toâ€Å"10† Improve feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy by patient report after one year Evaluate The desired outcome must meet criteria to be accurate. The outcome must be specific, realistic, measurable, and include a time frame for completion. Does the action verb describe the clients behavior to be evaluated? Can the outcome be used in the evaluation step of the nursing process to measure the clients response to the nursing interventions listed below? Interventions Referral to mental health counseling to identify and treat depression, issues of self-esteem and self efficacy Referral and active participation in physical therapy to improve mobility Undertake regular exercise that includes ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets. Use heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia Referral to pulmonologist for sleep disturbance assessment. Referral to pain management specialist for assessment, planning and treatment related to various sources of patient pain Referral to nutritionist for assessment and planning related to nutrition and weight reduction. Set realistic goals for weight reduction, encourage patient to keep food diaries, provide patient with information about the relationship of weight management to pain reduction and mobility improvement, identify stress issues related to obesity and support systems that can help patient in weight reduction. Rationale for Selected Intervention and References Research indicates that attention to psychosocial issues and mental health counseling can have a positive impact on reduction in obesity (Yilmaz et al, 2011). Depression has been related to weight control in patients with osteoarthritis (Possley et al, 2009). Mood disorders are related to fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Research has shown that active participation in physical therapy is important to improved mobility post TKR (Hall, Hardwick, Reden, Pulido, Colwell, 2004). Research indicates that behaviors such as ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets are related to greater self-efficacy in patients who have had total joint replacement (Moon Backer, 2000). Regular exercise improves pain, physical function and contributes to weight reduction in patients with osteoarthritis (Seed, Dunican Lynch, 2009). Active physical exercise has achieved modest positive results in reduction of signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia (Turk, 2009). Research has shown that heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises improves symptoms of fibromyalgia ((Turk, 2009). Research has shown that sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated as a component of treatment of fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Patient has pain related to many sources and may influence the patient’s approach to obesity and mobility. Pain has been related to obesity (Janke, Collins, Kozak, 2007). Realistic goals, food diaries/monitoring/ understanding of the relationship between pain and mobility, stress issues and support systems have been shown to support successful obesity self care and illness prevention (Hindle Dell, 2012). E V A L U A T I O N Evaluate Do your interventions assist in achieving the desired outcome? Do your interventions address further monitoring of the clients response to your interventions and to the achievement of the desired outcome? Are qualifiers: when, how, amount, time, and frequency used? Is the focus of the actions verb on the nurses actions and not on the client? Do your rationales provide sufficient reason and directions? What was your clients response to the interventions? (theoretic) Weight is reduced by 20% after one year (evaluation outcome 200 lbs) Feelings of depression are reduced by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Mobility is improved by 20% after one year compared to baseline established by physical therapist assessment Pain is reduced by 50% after one year (evaluation outcome â€Å"3† on a scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy are improved by patient report after one year References Ackley, B.J. Ladwig, G.B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook-an evidence-based guide to planning care. Ninth Edition. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2011 Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2010) Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th Edition, Used by arrangement with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, a company of John Wiley Sons, Inc, Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo Dell, D.D. (2007) Getting the point about fibromyalgia. Nursing 2007, February 2007, 61-64. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Janke, E.A., Collins, A. Kozak, A. T. (2007) Overview of the relationship between pain and obesity: what do we know? Where do we go next? Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 44, No 2, 245-261. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hall, V.L., Hardwick, M., Reden, L., Pulido, P. Colwell, C. (2004) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty –an overview with nursing implications. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, May/June 2004, 163-173. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hindle, L. Mills, S. (2012) Obesity self-care and illness prevention. Practice Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, 130-134. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Moon, L.B. Backer, J. (2000) Relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and postoperative behaviors in total joint replacement patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 19 (2) 77-85. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=7sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzhAN=2000051848 Possley. D. et al. (2009) Relationship between depression and functional measures in overweight and obese persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 46, No 9, 1091-1097. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0024 Seed, S.M., Dunican, K.C., Lynch, A.M. (2009) Osteoarthritis: a review of treatment options. Geriatrics, Vol 64, No 10, 20-28. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Turk, D.C. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome: a guide for the perplexed. Psychiatric Times, 26(2), 50-54. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=8sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cin20AN=2010211647 Yilmaz, J. et al. (2011) Adopting a psychological approach to obesity. Nursing Standard, Vol 25, No 21, 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.21.42.c8289

Problems In The London Zoo

Problems In The London Zoo The Zoological Society of London known as ZSL was founded by Stamford Raffles in 1826 and in 1828 it was opened to member of London Zoological Society for the study of animals, Zoo was on open to public until 1947 to get aid funding. In 1926 there were major expansions to Zoo to accommodate new animals and to keep large animals into natural environment. As Zoo continues to progress and in 1931 it was worlds first open zoological park. In 60s Institute of Zoology was established. London Zoo has been known as national history and contribution to the zoological world. Despite the low visitor turn up and today its a home of wonderful animals of more then 650 species and 130 animals are used breeding purposes. Not only that its also recognized worlds first reptile hose in late 40s and in 1852 worlds first aquarium. Decimus Burton was the first architecture designer of the zoo who was also the designer of Marble Arch London and Colosseum Theater. Q1: Identify and describe one of the problems that currently exist and explain how it is potentially harming the company. Problems in London Zoo London Zoo since its opened in 1828 has played vital role in the country scientific and entertainment activity of the society. London Zoo had grown rapidly from early start and continues expending but it ran into multiple problems in 1960s and 1970s due to various reasons. One of the major problems which can be easily identified is the lack of strategy operation plan for London Zoo. Operation strategy involved keeping the routine operations in place despite the number of visitor to the Zoo. Marketing plan had work out in the past but it all goes into drain, if end of the day customers feel lost and are not entertained or managed well. Customer dissatisfaction can potentially lead to customer not returning to Zoo and as well as it can create bad impression which can harm new or returning visitors. In these competitive era of entertainment; customer satisfaction is consider a key to success, which London Zoo has failed to provide effectively over the period of time. London Zoo has failed to delight its customer by not providing quality of service for customer processing which involved managing parking areas, queues, information desk, customer handling and information processing. Fail to achieve can lead to customer unhappiness, can create chaos and seriously damage the Zoo image. Other problem can be related to Society attitude and behaviour towards the animals, today people are well more aware of animal warfare, rights and conservation. There have been questions and debate concerning what is the role of a Zoo in society, should animal be kept in captivity or used for human entertainment. People have become much more educated and are questioning the role of Zoo in the society. Attracting number of visitors and applying capacity management operation to keep them organise have been crucial problems of London Zoo for long time. It has harmed company potentially as it has lead to various problems which included cut down in development projects; number of large animals has been move to sister Zoo to cut down the cost, services quality has affected due to lack of funds. This may lead to people not returning to Zoo for next 3 to 6 years unless there has been major development or new attraction in Zoo to drag them back to Zoo. Q2. Describe the evidence that support your claim that problem exists. Problems Evidence The major problems of London Zoo as identified previously have come to know from various sources. The source has been various reviews, feedbacks and various studies have been conducted on London Zoo to identify these problems. From past experience of the Zoo we have seen the whole operations crashed when more then expected visitors attendance. Management announce save my Zoo campaign after it failed to meet the expenses. Campaign attracted 18000 visitors in a day which lead to complete chaos in Zoo; there were queues everywhere, restaurants run out of food, parking problems and visitors found them self lost. There have been continues decline in number of visitors since 60s and 70s. Number of visitors have be fluctuating because of various reasons, There has been continues increment in number of leisure and attraction places in London only, there are around 130 major attractions in London. There have been numerous communications and travel invention has made easy to travel and trip around world which has made number of domestic visitor to decline. As stated in case there has been no major development for last 30 years, but in last couple of years Zoo has done some development work to improve the visitor attendance level. There have been animal welfare, rights, law and ethics awareness as it never been previously. Britain Govt created animal welfare advisory committee in 1967 which later became Farm Animal Welfare Council in 1979. It recommends animal freedoms and rights. There are 5 major freedoms which are promoted under this council which have been given in appendix. There have been debates in society in first half 20th century but its get intensified in 1980s to protect the ethics of animals. Due to continue awareness and debate in society has made people to think about the existence of the Zoo in society and their interest towards the Zoo. Customer Quality satisfaction has been the main issue in zoo. As its mentioned in case study, as Zoological society restructured is organisational departments to improve the operations and quality of service. After reviewing various unbiased reviews, the quality of service has been poor in London Zoo and as customer feedback shows there has been lack in operation management. There have been number of issues with visitors which includes poor operations and Planning, Empty Cages, Low Food Quality, Queues Everywhere, Lack of Seating, Baby facility. Few customer reviews have been attached in appendix with references. Q3. Carry out a critical literature review to identify what is considered to be Best-Practice in the area of Operations Management related to the problem. Literature Review and Best-Practice Introduction London is one of the major tourist attraction for visitors around the world, every year approximately 150m number of tourism day trips are made to London (source: The Countryside Commission website) and estimated total attendance 50m to London attractions during 2006 (Source: Visit London website). As a result of large number of visitors; attraction increases competition and importance to continuously improve the service quality to attract large chuck of visitors coming from domestically and internationally. Literature Review As previously discussed London Zoo has number of problems from which one of the major problem is to address the issue of service quality and customer satisfaction. There are various academic studies has been conducted to address the issues related to customer satisfaction, service quality and behavioural intent. Different model present different method of measuring the service quality some author describe as gap between customer expectation and perception, alternate author believe assessing the perceive quality by customer is a component to measure quality. A literature overview of different models can be found in Cauchick Miguel and Salomi (2004) presented in table 1 below. Table 1 Proposed models for measuring service quality (adapted from Cauchick Miguel and Salomi, 2004). As it can be concluded from the diagram there is no best practice to be adapted to measure the quality service. SERVQUAL has been centre of debate for most researchers but there have been critics of its accuracy, validity and implication on all kind of service industry. There has been intense use of SERVQUAL model in different service industry like banking, fast-food restaurant, call centre and other various industries despite huge criticism of the model. As oppose to SERVQUAL other model was developed as a result of criticism, SERVPERF is comparatively less used in industries like hotels, public services, cell phones services and various other. SERVPERF critics believed its only applicable in developed countries. SERVPERF Model One of the strong critics SERVQUAL model were Cronin and Taylor (1992) and they developed their own new model based on the original model, they argued that quality service can be measured based performance only. SERVPERF model is single item scale and developed based on performance satisfaction as oppose to performance and expectation in SERVQUAL. SERVQUAL Model The SERVQUAL model is a technique that can be used to measure a gap and perform analysis of an organization between customer expectation for the service and their perceptions of the providers. It can also be used internally to perform the gab analysis of the employees and employers. It was initially based on 10 aspects if measuring the service quality of an organisation and later refined by author to five dimensions which are reliability, assurances, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. SERVQUAL requires conduction a detailed survey or questioner to analysis the gaps between what was expected by the customer and what currently offered by the organisation. It involves relevant important of each question and measurement of perceived service and measurement of quality service provided. Conclusion From the brief literature review we can conclude that best practice can be SERVQUAL Model as its widely used in for service quality measurement model. SERVERF can be useful but its not as intensely studied and reviewed by researches and practitioners. SERVQUAL Gap Model Diagram illustrated Available at: http://www.gccrm.com/eng/content_details.jsp?contentid=2068subjectid=101 [Accessed 8 November 2009] Q4. From the conclusions drawn from your literature review and your findings within the case study create a proposal for the changes you would like to see introduced to solve the selected problem. Finding and Change Proposal A conclusion can be drowned from research, evidence and literature review that Zoo has number of problems which can be addresses by following these steps. Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Development Work Animal Captivity and welfare Issues Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction As previously found the customer satisfaction and quality of service score was low. Furthermore the finding of review of different customer at various review sites shows that London Zoo operations have poor performance which includes poor operations and planning, empty cages, low quality food and queues everywhere. This shows there is a gap between customer perception and service provided. As suggested from literature review that customer satisfaction and perception can be achieved and that can be used to improve the services. After gathering the results from SERVQUAL model, these issues should be addressed operation management tools. Development Works There has been greater decline towards the visitors attendance due to lack of attraction and facility provided by London Zoo. The new development like African Bird Safari in 2005, In 2006 Meet the Monkeys opening and walkthroughs Into Africa Butterfly Paradise and Gorilla Kingdom and Clore Rainforest Lookout in the year 2007 by the London Zoo were encouraging and right steps towards creating more attractions, But as analysis shows its only mange to increase visitors at smaller scale and reviews shows customer were not satisfy with the new Gorilla Kingdom as their expectation were much higher then the what the got. There should be continue development in providing support facilities like baby facility, seating facility, parking, extra counters to reduce queues and journey planner for Zoo to walk through the Zoo to give complete and entertaining day out in Zoo. Animal Captivity and welfare Issues One of the major concerns by animal rights and welfare society were to address the issues related to animal facility and welfare in society. London Zoo management should work towards the captivity and happiness of animals. London Zoo should work to provide natural environment for animals so there happiness are confirmed with the entertaining of the visitors. Animal breading and preservation research work should be launched by zoological society and should raise awareness about the work been done but zoological society, so in this way instead of become party against all the animal rights and welfare organisation ZSL can actually work with hand to hand to address these issues and develop a positive society attitude. Conclusion The above mentioned points can clearly address the basic and major problems currently faced by London Zoo. It can certainly create positive and healthy attraction and attitude of the society and which can lead to new visitors and as long as returning visitors as well. Q5. Additional task: If you were appointed as a Management Consultant of London Zoo and you were requested to conduct a competitive analysis of your park versus those offered in: 1) Bristol zoo and 2) Chester zoo in order to improve your competitive edge and attract more customers; which operations mange tools/models would you use to do so and why? After so doing, what set of reasonable improvements would you suggest to the London Zoo director. Competitive Analysis To evaluate the strength of competition is the key to gain competitive edge on your competitors. The competitive environment provides opportunity to analysis the own organization and competitor as well, to achieve this edge various tools and models are available which are widely used in different industry sectors. There are different methods and techniques available to conduct a competitive analysis of different organization in similar industry. Popular models include Porters Five Competitive Forces SWOT Analysis Competitive Benchmarking Porters Five Competitive Forces Michael Porter model provides the framework to gain competitive edge by analysing the industry context in which firm operates. The competitive model is identifying the 5 basic competitive forces: Entry of competitors Threat of substitutes Bargaining Power of buyers Bargaining Power of suppliers Rivalry among the existing players Critics believe that this model is to analysis individual business strategies and extra care is required to not to underestimate current organization strength and weakness. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is used to analyze the competitor and identify their strengths, weaknesses; opportunities and threats which help determine the target market, competitive edge, customer services and forecasting. Strengths This is use to identify the strength, potential strategy, marketing strength, customer services and positive tangible, intangibles. Weaknesses Weaknesses involve evaluating the culture, organization structure, operation efficiency, operation capacity, market share and position on experience curve. Opportunities An opportunity is consider as a chance to introduce new product or service. Opportunity can arise due to external factors and can increase the chance of high return. Threats Similar to opportunity these may lead to potential threat, it can be social changes, customer, competitor, new technology, economic or political and regularity changes. Benchmarking Benchmarking is a process to identify performance of organizational processes and activity are best-practice. The objective of benchmarking is to evaluate business unit, division, and organisation performance as compared to similar industry. There are 5 types of benchmarking Internal Benchmarking Competitive Benchmarking Functional Benchmarking Generic Benchmarking Collaborative Benchmarking In this scenario competitive analysis should be performed using performance or Competitive Benchmarking. Competitive Benchmarking Competitive Benchmarking is used to identify and compare the company performance with a competitor. Comparison can be all dimension of a business it can range from finance, product and services, technology, development and personal polices. To increase Zoo competitiveness, it helps to understand how your operations and business processes compare to that your competitors. It allows to examination of current processes and weaknesses which help to change and improve with experience and practice. While conduction benchmarking it should be clearly define and data information shared. Wrong comparison and less information may lead to meaningless comparison. Process of benchmarking can be elaborate using following diagram. Benchmarking process [online] Available at www.pcimag.com [Accessed 17 November 2009] Improvement Recommendations Would like to suggest following recommendations: Strengthen the competitive edge and try to come over weakness identified while doing competitive analysis. Improve Quality of service and customer satisfaction Provide support facilities like baby facility, seating areas and information desk Improve daily operation task effectively Increase the big animals which can increase the competitive edge Provide animals with closer to nature living facilities Take measures to cater the animal happiness and welfare issues. Appendix Customer Reviews London Zoo, not great! On a 3 day trip to London and unfortunately was part of a day I felt could have been spent somewhere else! It is one of the worst Zoos I have ever been to! Most of the cages were empty and to be honest I have been to much better zoos!! by gooseuk7 [online] Available at: http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowUserReviews-g186338-d187553-r48182591-London_Zoo-London_England.html [Accessed 9 November 2009] London Zoo An expensive waste of time Costly admission prices to a zoo with few interesting animals and many sections and stalls empty. The admission prices are already expensive at  £13 per adult,  £10 per child, but then the ticket sellers force you to pay an extra  £1.50 optional donation. Its hard to stand up to them to avoid this donation. Car parking is expensive at  £9. There were no elephants. This has been the case for a while, and has been mentioned by other reviewers, but seems a shocking omission. There were no gorillas the whole section is boarded off and under development. The bugs area was also under development. There are none of the exotic animals like pandas any more. Many of the animals that were present stayed out of view. The food was pricey like the admission (but this is normal for such places).by yood [online] Available at: http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/theme-parks-zoos-national/london-zoo/1034722/ [Accessed 8 November 2009] Disappointing Ive been many times and this time was the most disappointing. Too many areas seemed to be in the middle of refurbishment. Night zone was too dark couldnt see anything. I like meerkats, but they seemed to be everywhere. The outback was dismal showing a lack of ideas. As Ive said Ive been before and those visits were much better, I would still go again in the hope that things improve. To be honest Chester zoo is better. By munslowl [Online] Available at: http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowUserReviews-g186338-d187553-r36778432-London_Zoo-London_England.html [Accessed 8 November 2009]

Free Essays - A Prayer for Owen Meany :: Prayer for Owen Meany Essays

The main theme of A Prayer for Owen Meany is religious faith -- specifically, the relationship between faith and doubt in a world in which there is no obvious evidence for the existence of God.   John writes on the first page of the book that Owen Meany is the reason that he is a Christian, and ensuing story is presented as an explanation of the reason why.   Though the plot of the novel is quite complicated, the explanation for Owen's effect on Johnny's faith is extremely simple; Owen's life is a miracle -- he has supernatural visions and dreams, he believes that he acts as God's instrument, and he has divine foresight of his own death -- and offers miraculous and almost undeniable evidence of God's existence.   The basic thematic shape of the novel is that of a tension being lifted, rather than a tension being resolved; Johnny struggles throughout the book to resolve his religious faith with his skepticism and doubt, but at the novel's end he is not required to make a choice between the two extremes: Owen's miraculous death obviates the need to make a choice, because it offers evidence that banishes doubt.   Yet Johnny remains troubled, because Owen's sacrificial death (he dies to save the lives of a group of Vietnamese children) seems painfully unfair.   Johnny is left with the problem of accepting God's will.   In the end, he invests more faith in Owen himself than he invests in God -- he receives two visitations from Owen beyond the grave -- and he concludes the novel by making Owen something of a Prince of Peace, asking God to allow Owen's resurrection and return to Earth.   Of course, the thematic development of the novel is somewhat more complicated and cluttered than that.   The presentation of religion in the book is continually undercut with irony and the constant presence of sex.   Further the thematic development of the book is also inconsistent and indirect, in part because we are never able to obtain a secure view or outlook of Johnny's mind; he is such a subdued narrator that it is difficult to tell exactly where he stands during much of the novel, which often clouds our sense of his struggle with faith and doubt.   This ambiguity underscores the important point that Irving's basic intention for his novel is not to present a philosophical meditation on the nature of God, but rather to tell a clutching story.

Philosophy of Teaching Essays -- Teaching Teachers Education Essays

Philosophy of Teaching I have known for a long time now that I want to be a high school Spanish teacher. There were other considerations for a while, but none that lasted very long; they couldn’t supplant what I felt so strongly about. Because of this, I have had a long time to think about exactly what the profession means to me. In my opinion, any teacher should be driven primarily by the desire to share his passion for a subject with others. A Spanish teacher (for example) should love the language and the culture that his class will deal with. Of course, many who love these things love them but are not teachers; I feel that teachers are possessed of a particularly strong passion for their subjects that compels them to educate others. I am certain that, unfortunately, there are teachers who do not feel so strongly about what they will teach, and I am doubly certain that these are not good teachers. In my opinion, such passion is the most important aspect of a successful teacher’s personality. There is a second facet of a good teacher’s personality that is almost as crucial, in my opinion: the ability to relate to his students on a personal level. These teachers recognize that their students are not merely students but also young adults and that they therefore carry with them all the emotional baggage of adolescence. They do not view their students as objectives or sets of characteristics but as people, and they understa...

Buy a Bride :: Marriage History Papers

Buy a Bride In the mid-eighteen hundreds the first waves of Americans began heading west. They were in search of the American dream; their chance to live happily ever after. This first wave of settlers was for the most part, composed of miners looking to strike it rich. They exploited the mineral resources all over the west, wherever gold was found; the most famous places were in California, Colorado, and the Dakotas. The brave and adventurous men streamed over the continent in wagon trains or around it in ships in order to reach the west coast. Towns sprang up around the different places where gold had been found as well as around places for ships to dock. The next wave of people to head west was the ranchers. They needed land and western land was far cheaper than land in the east. The ever growing cities in the east needed an ever increasing supply of food and the cattle found on the western plains proved a good and profitable solution. Shortly after the ranchers the farmers came looking for land. The land in the east was worn out from over cultivation, in stark contrast the western land was rich and virtually untouched, not to mention cheaper. The west was a new and promising land with endless possibilities. (Summitt) Despite the promise and possibilities there were a few minor problems. One such problem was that the vast majority of the settlers were men. "Men from the eastern states, Canada, and Europe often preceded the women, and then found themselves longing for feminine companionship." (Yalom 226) Population imbalances, combined with geographical isolation and physical distance, often made men frantic to find wives from among the few single Anglo women living in their region of the west. Unfortunately, interracial marriages were not looked upon favorably by the population at large, so even men who had taken Indian brides were looking for women of European decent (15) In some places the problem was worse than in others. In the Washington Territory it has been estimated that the ratio of men to women, regardless of marital status, as high as 9:1 and that there were at least two thousand men in the Territory that wished to get married (Holbrook 47). This problem was not a simple one to remedy. Men who had enough money traveled east and brought back a wife, but the vast majority of the populous did not have the capital needed to make such a journey possible.

How Lennie Is Portrayed in the First Chapter Essay

To begin with, Steinbeck describes Lennie’s physical features to be very animal-like. He states that he walked â€Å"the way a bear drags his paws†. The use of animal imagery in this quote illustrates an image of a huge man heavily dragging himself, not only suggesting his size but also suggesting his immense strength. Due to his physicality, he is unable to carry out tasks normal people would be able to do. He is unable to control himself, specifically his strength—thus easily breaking things. Steinbeck emphasizes this as he brings up incidents of Lennie having killed mice and other small, fragile animals, while petting them. Lennie is also described to have an animal’s mental state, leaning towards animal instincts rather than human instincts. Steinbeck states he’d â€Å"drink out of a gutter if [he] was thirsty†, displaying Lennie’s rash behaviour. His urge to satisfy his immediate desire would overpower the need to be cautious and aware of his surroundings. Many people think before they act. In Lennie’s case however, he doesn’t think at all as George does it for him. Lennie was â€Å"snorting into the water like a horse† which also proves his uncivilized manner. Furthermore, Lennie’s animal instincts prevent him from being able to learn. Like wild animals, he is uncontrollable and unpredictable; though he may be trained and taught not to do some things, they are bound to commit the same mistakes over and over again. Steinbeck states that George had â€Å"hopelessly† warned Lennie about the water he was drinking, proving that George’s warnings will not affect Lennie in any way as he is bound to forget—he will never learn. Not only is Lennie’s mental behaviour similar to an animal, but it is also similar to a child. Lennie is described to be â€Å"puzzled† and thathe â€Å"giggled happily† at some parts of their conversation, showing that he is unaware and immature. He constantly forgets everything very easily and doesn’t sense the seriousness in some of their conversations—showing that his maturity is like of a 6 year-old, who needs constant reminding and explaining of almost every matter discussed. Steinbeck states that after Lennie created ripples in the water with his fingers, he said â€Å"Look George, look what I done. He is easily impressed at the ripples he made and notifies George of his work to make him proud. Lennie’s child-like character also depicts a father/son relationship between Lennie and George. Earlier in the book, it is stated that â€Å"Lennie’s closed hand slowly obeyed† after George had commanded Lennie to hand over a dead mouse. The adverb â€Å"slowly† shows that though Lennie was reluctant to follow George’s orders, he had no choice but to obey him. Like an obedient son who must follow his father, Lennie fears George—the paternal figure—conveying George’s authority over Lennie. Supporting this, Lennie’s timid behaviour towards George is constantly portrayed as he is described to be speaking â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"cautiously† to George—indicating Lennie’s high level of respect for George. As a son would look up to his father, Lennie also sees George as his role model and a leader. Steinbeck portrays Lennie as submissive—giving him the role of the follower between the two main characters. Lennie is said to have â€Å"imitated George exactly† proving that he sees George as a role model. He â€Å"imitates† George, depicting his respect for him. Lennie also prioritizes him and whatever he says. This is seen when he tries to recall a memory from the past saying, â€Å"and you says†¦you says†. It is conveyed through this quote that he is dependent on George as he values George’s opinions more than his opinions. Supporting the fact that Lennie is dependent on George, George says, â€Å"think I’d let you carry your own work card? † This proves that George is much more responsible than Lennie, who constantly forgets things. Steinbeck also states in the beginning of the book that they walked in a â€Å"single file†, conveying that one is the leader and the other is the follower. Their relationship evidently highlights George’s authority over Lennie.